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北京周邊典型農(nóng)田風(fēng)蝕風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)與防治分析
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    摘要:

    利用可移動(dòng)野外風(fēng)蝕風(fēng)洞對(duì)北京周邊典型農(nóng)田進(jìn)行了農(nóng)田風(fēng)蝕的研究。主要考察耕作制度、地表狀況、風(fēng)速和作物行向4種因素對(duì)風(fēng)蝕的影響規(guī)律。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:與傳統(tǒng)翻耕對(duì)比,一年兩熟免耕覆蓋地和一年一熟的玉米根茬地都可以減少土壤風(fēng)蝕。地表覆蓋量的增加可以減少地表土壤的風(fēng)蝕,覆蓋量越大,減少愈明顯。一年一熟區(qū)地表以玉米根茬防治風(fēng)蝕為主,風(fēng)向與行向平行時(shí)風(fēng)蝕量最大,垂直時(shí)最小,45°時(shí)介于兩者之間;風(fēng)速較大時(shí),玉米根茬的根系有較好的固土作用。最后對(duì)防治農(nóng)田風(fēng)蝕提出了相關(guān)對(duì)策。

    Abstract:

    A series wind tunnel experiments were conduced on in typical farmlands around Beijing. The air-born dusts were measured in the fields under different cultivations, tillage managements, cover rates and intersectional angles between wind and the crop rows. The results show that the amount of raising dust increases with the wind velocity by power function; conservation tillage of one crop a year and two crops a year can reduce wind erosion rate than traditional tillage; the increase of cover rate can reduce the amount, and the more the cover,the better the effect; the amount of raising dust can be changed by the angle between the wind and the crop row, and the amount is highest when zero angle, medium 45° angle, and lowest 90° angle. Finally, some countermeasures such as generalization conservation tillage, hold appropriate stubble and straw in land, were proposed for the wind erosion in typical farmland around Beijing.  

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馮曉靜,高煥文,王麗潔,李洪文.北京周邊典型農(nóng)田風(fēng)蝕風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)與防治分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2008,39(7):64-67.[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(7):64-67.

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