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不同水氮管理模式對玉米地土壤氮素和肥料氮素的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(51809042)


Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Soil Nitrogen and Fertilizer Nitrogen in Maize Field
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    摘要:

    為了解決東北地區(qū)灌溉條件下水氮合理施用問題,以大田試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),采用15N同位素示蹤技術(shù),設(shè)置3個(gè)灌水定額水平(W1:40mm,W2:60mm,W3:80mm)和3個(gè)施氮量水平(N1:180kg/hm2,N2:240kg/hm2,N3:300kg/hm2),分析比較了不同水氮管理模式對玉米地土壤氮素的吸收、土壤無機(jī)氮?dú)埩?、土?作物氮平衡以及肥料氮去向的影響。結(jié)果表明:隨著施氮量的增加,0~100cm土層銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮的含量和累積量均呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢;提高灌水量可以提高60~100cm土層銨態(tài)氮累積量、80~100cm土層硝態(tài)氮累積量。對土壤-作物氮平衡的研究表明,增加施氮量可以提高土壤無機(jī)氮?dú)埩袅亢偷赜啵魑锏匚樟侩S著施氮量的增加呈先增后減的趨勢,氮素盈余量和表觀損失量隨灌水量的增加表現(xiàn)為先降低后增加。肥料氮累積量隨著施氮量的增加呈先增后減的趨勢,施氮量300kg/hm2時(shí)肥料氮累積量占比2127%~3123%,肥料氮?dú)埩袅亢蛽p失量所占比例均有所提高。玉米植株氮素中有6670%~7505%來自于對土壤氮的累積,隨著施氮量的增加,玉米植株土壤氮素累積量呈先增后減的趨勢。綜合不同水氮管理模式對玉米地土壤無機(jī)氮?dú)埩?、土?作物氮平衡以及肥料氮去向的影響得出,灌水60mm、施氮240kg/hm2的水氮組合可保證肥料氮的充分利用,減少無機(jī)氮的殘留和損失。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem of rational application of water and nitrogen under irrigation conditions in Northeast China, an experiment with three irrigation levels (W1:40mm, W2:60mm, W3:80mm) and three nitrogen levels (N1:180kg/hm2, N2:240kg/hm2, N3:300kg/hm2) was carried out in the field conditions with 15N isotope tracer technique. The results showed that the accumulations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the 0~100cm soil layer was increased with the increase of nitrogen application, so did the contents in the different layers. The ammonia nitrogen accumulation in 60~100cm layer and the nitrate nitrogen accumulation in 80~100cm layer were increased due to the increase of irrigation amount. The soil inorganic nitrogen residue and nitrogen surplus were increased with the increase of nitrogen application, however, the crop nitrogen absorption was decreased first and then increased. The nitrogen surplus and apparent loss was decreased first and then increased with the increase of irrigation water amount. The accumulation of fertilizer nitrogen was increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. The proportion of accumulated fertilizer nitrogen was 2127%~3123%, and the proportion of residual fertilizer nitrogen and nitrogen loss were increased when 300kg/hm2 nitrogen was applied. As the nitrogen in maize plants, of which 6670%~7505% came from the accumulation of soil nitrogen. The accumulation of soil nitrogen in maize plants was increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. Combined with the effects of different water and nitrogen management on inorganic nitrogen residue in maize soil, soilcrop nitrogen balance and the fate fertilizer nitrogen, the water and nitrogen combination of 60mm irrigation and 240kg/hm2 nitrogen application can ensure the full utilization of fertilizer nitrogen and reduce the residue and loss of inorganic nitrogen.

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張忠學(xué),劉明,齊智娟.不同水氮管理模式對玉米地土壤氮素和肥料氮素的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(2):284-291. ZHANG Zhongxue, LIU Ming, QI Zhijuan. Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Soil Nitrogen and Fertilizer Nitrogen in Maize Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(2):284-291.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-02-10
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