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旱作農(nóng)田近地表風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)與防風(fēng)蝕效果
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(40861013)


Drought Farmland Near Surface Blown Sand and Wind Erosion Controlling Effect
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)農(nóng)田沙害,用移動(dòng)式風(fēng)蝕風(fēng)洞及相關(guān)配套設(shè)備對(duì)莜麥留茬、礫石覆蓋和傳統(tǒng)旱作農(nóng)田地表進(jìn)行原位測(cè)試,研究它們的近地表風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,探索莜麥留茬和礫石覆蓋對(duì)旱作農(nóng)田土壤風(fēng)蝕的作用機(jī)理和防護(hù)效果,從而為農(nóng)田風(fēng)蝕防治提供技術(shù)依據(jù)。研究表明,莜麥留茬、礫石覆蓋近地表風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)與對(duì)照秋翻地明顯不同;受莜麥殘茬和礫石覆蓋的阻擋、疏散作用,風(fēng)沙活動(dòng)層提升,近地表風(fēng)速不同程度削弱;輸沙量小于對(duì)照秋翻地并且在近地表一定高度處出現(xiàn)極大值??癸L(fēng)蝕效率分析證明,莜麥留茬和礫石覆蓋對(duì)旱作農(nóng)田防治風(fēng)蝕都有重要的作用,但礫石覆蓋不如莜麥留茬的防風(fēng)蝕效果好。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at farmland wind erosion sand calamity, in situ testing was adopted to make test for oat stubble, grave covering and traditional drought farmland by using movable wind erosion tunnel and its matching equipment. In order to provide technical basis, blown sand movement law was researched for the three kinds of farmland, and the mechanism and protection effect of soil erosion were explored for the oat stubble and grave covering affecting drought farmland. It is showed that near surface blown sand movement of oat stubble and grave covering are obviously different from autumn-ploughed farmland, the blown sand movement layer was lifted, near surface wind speed was weakened at different degrees, sediment discharge is less than autumn-ploughed farmland’s and would have maximum value in certain height, because of barrier and evacuation effects of oat stubble and grave covering. By anti-erosion efficiency analyzing, it is showed that oat stubble and grave covering have important effect on drought farmland for wind erosion controlling, and the effect of the latter is less than the former.

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孫悅超,麻碩士,陳智,趙永來(lái),崔紅梅.旱作農(nóng)田近地表風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)與防風(fēng)蝕效果[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2011,42(1):54-58. Sun Yuechao, Ma Shuoshi, Chen Zhi, Zhao Yonglai, Cui Hongmei. Drought Farmland Near Surface Blown Sand and Wind Erosion Controlling Effect[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(1):54-58.

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