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秸稈還田方式對(duì)旱地玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響
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“十一五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目（2006BAD29B05）;山西省科技攻關(guān)資助項(xiàng)目（2006031042）;農(nóng)業(yè)部旱作節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)重點(diǎn)開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放基金項(xiàng)目


Effect of Straw-incorporation on Corn Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Arid Farming Areas
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    摘要:

    基于中國(guó)北方干旱地區(qū)18年的長(zhǎng)期秸稈還田田間定位試驗(yàn)，開(kāi)展了不同秸稈還田方式及施肥時(shí)期對(duì)春玉米產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率影響的比較研究。結(jié)果表明：與春施肥對(duì)應(yīng)處理相比，不同方式秸稈還田秋施肥具有顯著增產(chǎn)效果，18年累計(jì)增產(chǎn)玉米籽粒9.71～15.58t/hm2，增產(chǎn)率為8.33%～16.19%；同時(shí)，玉米生育期耗水量減少，土壤貯水量增加，水分利用效率明顯提高。4種不同秸稈還田方式對(duì)春玉米18年總產(chǎn)量、總水分利用效率的貢獻(xiàn)從大到小依次為：秸稈過(guò)腹還田、秸稈覆蓋還田、秸稈粉碎直接還田、秸稈未還田。不同的降水年型，對(duì)各處理玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用也存在較大影響。正常年型玉米產(chǎn)量最高，偏旱年型玉米水分利用效率最高。秸稈覆蓋還田秋施肥對(duì)偏旱年份的增產(chǎn)及水分利用效率提高的效果尤為突出。

    Abstract:

    Based on the results from 18-year long-term location experiment in dryland experimental area of northern China, the effects of various kinds of straw return to field such as no straw returning (CK), straw mulching (SM), straw crushing (SC), cattle manure (CM) and different fertilization time i.e. spring and autumn on corn yield and water use efficiency were studied. The results showed that the experiment of combining autumn fertilizing with returning stalks to field could increase the yield and water use efficiency of spring maize significantly compared to the spring fertilizing, meanwhile, it decreased the accumulated water consumption and increased the soil water storage amount. The results showed that autumn fertilizing increased 9.71～15.58t/hm2 in yield, compared with spring fertilizing. The range of increased in yield was 8.33%～16.19%. The total corn yield and water use efficiency in the past 18-year decreased in the following order: CM＞SM＞SC＞CK. In different rainfall years, the corn yield and water use efficiency were very different. In normal years, the corn yield was highest. In dry years, the water use efficiency of spring maize was highest and yield increasing effect from straw mulching combining with autumn fertilizing was striking. 

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解文艷,樊貴盛,周懷平,關(guān)春林,楊振興.秸稈還田方式對(duì)旱地玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2011,42(11):60-67. Xie Wenyan, Fan Guisheng, Zhou Huaiping, Guan Chunlin, Yang Zhenxing. Effect of Straw-incorporation on Corn Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Arid Farming Areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(11):60-67.

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