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黃土坡耕地水土保持的“縫、洞”技術(shù)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(51179164);陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新項目(2011NXC01-20);陜西省水利科技項目(SXSL2011-03)


“Slot and Hole” Measurement of Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Sloping Farmland
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    摘要:

    提出了一種防止黃土高原坡耕地水土流失的“縫、洞”技術(shù),使坡面徑流在重力作用下通過“縫”就地攔蓄于“洞”中形成土壤水庫,通過“縫、洞”節(jié)節(jié)攔蓄,可抑制大面積坡面徑流的匯聚并減少蒸發(fā),達到防止水土流失的目的。指出了“縫、洞”措施在黃土坡耕地應(yīng)用過程中應(yīng)該注意的問題;提出了這種微型水利水保工程的設(shè)計標準,以相應(yīng)標準暴雨徑流全部流蓄“洞”中為原則,初步提出“縫、洞”的合理布置方案,推導(dǎo)出合理洞徑與縫距之間的關(guān)系。應(yīng)用有限元法模擬了成洞過程及滲流分析,得到了成洞后洞體周圍土體的物理力學(xué)參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律:成洞后,在洞體周圍約0.4倍洞徑的區(qū)域,土體的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)較成洞前發(fā)生較大變化,土體的孔隙率和滲透系數(shù)顯著降低,干密度和變形模量顯著升高,并且離洞體越近,孔隙率和滲透系數(shù)越小,干密度和變形模量越大;滲流穩(wěn)定后,洞體強度略有降低,洞體產(chǎn)生一定的變形。

    Abstract:

    A method called “slot and hole” was proposed for preventing the soil and water loss of sloping farmland in Loess Plateau. Due to gravity load, slop surface runoff was intercepted and stored in a hole through a slot to form a soil reservoir. By applying this method, the convergence of slop runoff was avoided, and water evaporation also decreased. The loss of soil and water was thus prevented. Some skills for application of this method were pointed out. Additionally, the design standard of “slot and hole” method was proposed. Based on the principle that the corresponding standard runoff was totally stored in the hole, the reasonable layout scheme was determined, and the relationship of the diameter of the hole to the distance between two adjacent slots was obtained. Moreover, the formatting process of the hole and seepage process were simulated by employing FEM, and then the variation laws of physical and mechanical parameters of the soil around the hole were obtained. The results demonstrated that the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil around the hole varied significantly in the area of 0.4 times diameter of the hole, and the porosity and permeability coefficient of soil decreased as the dry density and deformation modulus of soil increased. The closer the area was to the hole, the smaller the porosity and permeability coefficient and the larger the dry density and deformation modulus were. After seepage analysis, the strength of the hole decreases slightly and certain deformation occurred. 

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劉計良,王正中,劉銓鴻,蘇德慧,趙延風(fēng).黃土坡耕地水土保持的“縫、洞”技術(shù)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2013,44(7):107-112. Liu Jiliang, Wang Zhengzhong, Liu Quanhong, Su Dehui, Zhao Yanfeng.“Slot and Hole” Measurement of Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Sloping Farmland[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(7):107-112.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-06-20
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