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不同灌溉制度對(duì)棉田鹽分分布與脫鹽效果的影響
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現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金資助項(xiàng)目(CARS-18-19)


Effect of Different Irrigation Scheduling on Salt Distribution and Leaching in Cotton Field
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    以直徑20 cm蒸發(fā)皿蒸發(fā)量為基礎(chǔ),采用雙因素組合隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),研究了不同灌溉制度對(duì)膜下滴灌棉田土壤鹽分分布與脫鹽效果的影響。結(jié)果表明:增大灌水頻率與灌水定額,有利于對(duì)棉花根區(qū)鹽分在水平方向的淋洗,5 d和8 d灌水頻率對(duì)水平方向含鹽量有影響的土層深度分別為0~20 cm和0~30 cm;5 d灌水頻率的土壤鹽分隨深度的增加呈現(xiàn)先降后升趨勢(shì),8 d灌水頻率0~100 cm深度內(nèi)各土層含鹽量相差不明顯,中等灌水定額(T60)0~60 cm土層含鹽量小于高水(T80)和低水(T40)處理;與播前相比,棉花收獲時(shí)0~20 cm含鹽量降低,但30~60 cm土層含鹽量增加,0~60 cm土層含鹽量總體表現(xiàn)增加,中等灌水定額(T60)處理含鹽量變化幅度最小,脫鹽率為0.44%。灌水處理對(duì)0~100 cm深度土壤總含鹽量無(wú)明顯影響。此外,灌水量過(guò)高與過(guò)低均不利于提高棉花產(chǎn)量,與其他處理相比,高頻(5 d)中定額灌溉(T60)處理不但可以獲得合理的鹽分分布與脫鹽效果,且籽棉產(chǎn)量最高,為9.18t/hm2,是實(shí)現(xiàn)抑鹽、控水、高產(chǎn)、高效的適宜棉花灌溉制度。

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    An experiment with two factors randomized block experimental design was conducted based on the evaporation of standard 20 cm pan to study the effect of different irrigation scheduling on salt distribution and salinity leaching in soil profile of cotton field with drip irrigation under plastic mulch. The results showed that to increase irrigation frequency and water amount was beneficial to soil salinity leaching in horizontal direction. The actual depths of soil salinity leaching for 5 d and 8 d frequency treatments were 0 to 20 cm and 0 to 30 cm respectively. As the soil depth increased, the soil salinity content for 5 d frequency treatment showed a first rising and then decreasing trend, while for the 8 d frequency treatment, it kept an approximately constant value in 0 to 100 cm soil profile. The soil salt content in 0 to 60 cm soil depth for medium water amount treatment (T60) was lower than that of high (T80) or low (T40) treatment. Compared with the soil salt content before sowing, the salt content in 0 to 20 cm soil layer at harvest time increased and decreased in 30 to 60 cm soil layer. The salt content within 0 to 60 cm soil layer showed an increasing trend as a whole. The salt content of medium water amount treatment (T60)showed a minimum variation, and the desalting rate was 0.44%. The irrigation scheduling had no significant effects on soil salt content in 0 to 100 cm soil layer. In addition, with the same irrigation frequency, applying high or low water amount was not beneficial to boll weight and yield improvement however. Combining high irrigation frequency(5 d) with medium water amount (T60) treatment acquired the highest seed cotton yield by9.18t/hm2, and it was regarded as the optimal irrigation scheduling for reasonable soil salt distribution, good salt leaching effect, higher yield and effective water application. 

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王峰,孫景生,劉祖貴,寧慧峰,強(qiáng)小嫚,申孝軍.不同灌溉制度對(duì)棉田鹽分分布與脫鹽效果的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2013,44(12):120-127. Wang Feng, Sun Jingsheng, Liu Zugui, Ning Huifeng, Qiang Xiaoman, Shen Xiaojun. Effect of Different Irrigation Scheduling on Salt Distribution and Leaching in Cotton Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(12):120-127.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-12-05
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