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降雨類型和水土保持對黃土區(qū)小流域水土流失的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(40635027)和黃河水土保持生態(tài)工程天水藉河重點支流治理(二期)項目


Effect of Rainstorm Patterns and Soil Erosion Control Practices on Soil and Water Loss in Small Watershed on Loess Plateau
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    對黃土區(qū)橋子?xùn)|溝流域的143場次洪水事件水文泥沙數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,并利用K均值分類法劃分降雨類型,比較不同降雨類型條件下流域水土流失特征,探討水土保持治理對不同降雨類型下流域產(chǎn)流輸沙的影響。結(jié)果表明,次降雨量和最大30 min雨強是影響流域產(chǎn)流輸沙的主要降雨特征。降雨事件劃分為4種類型:Ⅰ型(小雨量、小雨強)、Ⅱ型(大雨量、大雨強)、Ⅲ型(大雨量、小雨強)和Ⅳ型(小雨量、大雨強)。4種降雨類型下次洪水事件的產(chǎn)流能力和洪峰流量由大到小依次為Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅰ型。頻次最少的Ⅱ型降雨次洪水事件的輸沙量最多,Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型降雨條件下次洪水事件輸沙量的差異不顯著,輸沙量均較少。水土保持綜合治理顯著減少了流域徑流量和輸沙量,其中Ⅱ型降雨次洪水事件減水量和減沙量最多,Ⅰ型最少。

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    Runoff and sediment data from 1987 to 2010, 143 flood events of Qiaozi East watershed (QE) on the loess plateau were used to investigate the relationships among rainfall, runoff and suspended sediments. K-means clustering of different rainstorm patterns was used to differentiate watershed runoff and sedimentation features and to quantify the impacts of erosion control practices on runoff and sediment production. The results indicated that the precipitation (P) and the maximal 30 minutes rainfall intensity (I30max) were the most relevant factors to runoff and sediment responses. The rainfall events were divided into four rainstorm patterns, as Pattern Ⅰ (low P and low I30max), Pattern Ⅱ (high P and high I30max), Pattern Ⅲ (high P and low I30max) and Pattern Ⅳ (low P and high I30max). The runoff generated by the storms, in term of peak discharges from low to high were in the order of Pattern Ⅱ storms, Pattern Ⅳ, Pattern Ⅲ and Pattern Ⅰ. Pattern Ⅱ, though the fewest in occurrences, produced the most sediments while Pattern Ⅳ, Pattern Ⅲ and Pattern Ⅰ storms produced limited sediments with no significant differences. The soil and water conservation practices significantly reduced runoff and sediment of the watershed, especially for the highest sediment production events of Pattern Ⅱ.

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晏清洪,原翠萍,雷廷武,雷啟祥,張滿良,蘇廣旭.降雨類型和水土保持對黃土區(qū)小流域水土流失的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2014,45(2):169-175. Yan Qinghong, Yuan Cuiping, Lei Tingwu, Lei Qixiang, Zhang Manliang, Su Guangxu. Effect of Rainstorm Patterns and Soil Erosion Control Practices on Soil and Water Loss in Small Watershed on Loess Plateau[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(2):169-175.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-02-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-02-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-02-10