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小流域土壤氮磷空間變異特征分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51179050)和水利部公益性行業(yè)專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)資助項(xiàng)目(201201091-03)


Spatial Variability of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Small Watershed
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    摘要:

    應(yīng)用經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)與地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相結(jié)合的方法,以長(zhǎng)江下游地區(qū)岔河小流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū)域,分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤中氮磷含量在0~15cm和15~30cm兩種深度中的空間分布特征。結(jié)果表明:流域內(nèi)旱地、水田及撂荒地中氮磷含量分布特征差別很大,變異系數(shù)迥異;氮和磷的空間分布均為各向異性,長(zhǎng)軸方向多為東北-西南;對(duì)于0~15cm土壤層,長(zhǎng)軸變程在750~950m之間,變程從大到小依次為全磷、銨態(tài)氮、全氮、有效磷、硝態(tài)氮;小流域全氮高含量值主要集中在流域南部水田較為集中的地方,含量梯度與坡面徑流方向一致;而全磷受農(nóng)業(yè)耕作及土壤顆粒遷移的雙重影響,在小流域南部及北部旱作區(qū)聚集的地方分別出現(xiàn)高值區(qū);全氮、全磷在3種耕作方式下呈現(xiàn)出相似的結(jié)構(gòu)性,且水田中正相關(guān)尺度均大于旱地,空間正相關(guān)尺度與變異系數(shù)表現(xiàn)出很好的一致性。

    Abstract:

    Geo-statistics combined with classical statistics were applied to analyze the spatial distribution of soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content under three different land uses in Chahe watershed at the lower Yangtze River. The results showed that soil N and P content distribution varied significantly in paddy, upland, and vacant land, while the coefficient of variation also varied greatly among the three land uses. All spatial distributions of N and P content values were anisotropic and directions of most long axes were northwest-southeast. Major ranges in topsoil were between 750~950m with the order of total P(TP)>ammonia N (AN)>total N (TN)>available P (AP)>nitrate N (NN). Higher content of TN was mainly concentrated in the southern part of the small watershed and the gradient direction was consistent with the direction of surface runoff, while distribution of TP was significantly affected by farming and soil particle movement, and the high level of TP was appeared in the accumulation area of the south of small watershed and the north of arid region. TN and TP showed similar structural characteristics under the three farmland types, while both the autocorrelation scales in paddy land were larger than those in upland. Variation of spatial autocorrelation scales showed good consistency with the coefficient of variation. Research results provided a scientific basis for the control of N and P losses in agricultural production and the establishment of non point source pollution model.

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司 涵,張展羽,呂夢(mèng)醒,馮根祥.小流域土壤氮磷空間變異特征分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(3):90-96. Si Han, Zhang Zhanyu, Lü Mengxing, Feng Genxiang. Spatial Variability of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Small Watershed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(3):90-96.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-04-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-02-10