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乳熟后灌溉對(duì)夏玉米水分利用效率及干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響
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“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2013BAD05B05、2011BAD29B01)和公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目(201203077)


Effects of Late Milk Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency and Dry Matter Distribution of Maize
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    摘要:

    于2011—2012年玉米生長(zhǎng)季節(jié),采用3個(gè)高產(chǎn)玉米品種,在乳熟后期分期(設(shè)9月20日、9月25日、9月30日3水平,不灌水為對(duì)照,分別用I920、I925、I930和CK表示)進(jìn)行灌溉單因素試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:各灌水處理與CK相比,成熟期1m土體土壤含水率提高2.92%~14.14%。不同灌水處理農(nóng)田蒸散量變幅為380.67~434.91mm,處理間由小到大為I925、I920、I930、CK。不同處理影響干物質(zhì)積累轉(zhuǎn)移,CK和I930處理提高了吐絲前營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官同化物向籽粒的轉(zhuǎn)化效率, I920與I925處理則提高了吐絲后營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官同化物的轉(zhuǎn)化效率,而最終產(chǎn)量以I920與I925處理較高。不同處理籽粒水分生產(chǎn)率為21.94~26.53kg/m3,以CK最高或較高。這表明,乳熟后適期灌溉,雖然降低了水分利用率,但提高了籽粒產(chǎn)量。結(jié)合本研究地區(qū)小麥-玉米一體化生產(chǎn),乳熟后灌水建議在9月20~25日期間進(jìn)行。

    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted in the test station of Dry-land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences during 2011—2012. Three summer maize cultivars, Xundan 20, Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, were used as experimental materials. The measurements were taken on irrigation by three stages (Sep.20, Sep.25, Sep.30). The main results showed that compared with CK, different irrigation treatments during late milk period had increased the soil moisture by 2.92%~14.14% in 0~100cm layer at harvest. The evapotranspiration amounts of maize were ranged within 380.67~434.91mm, and different treatments from small to large were I9 25, I920, I930 and CK. Different treatments also had effects on the dry matter distribution. The treatments of CK and I930 increased amount of assimilate storage in vegetative parts before silking to grains. I920 and I925 treatments, however, increased amount of assimilate storage in vegetative after silking to grains. Grain yield of I920 and I925 treatments were higher than those of other treatments. Water use efficiency for grain yield was range within 21.94~26.53kg/m3, water use efficiency for grain yield of I925, I 920 and I930 treatments were most obviously lower than that by CK treatment. This shows that at optimum irrigation time after milking, grain yield increases although water use efficiency for grain yield decreases. In comprehensive consideration of cultivating technique of high yield and efficiency for unified wheat and maize, the best time for irrigation was on 20~25 September.

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黨紅凱,李 偉,曹彩云,鄭春蓮,馬俊永,李科江.乳熟后灌溉對(duì)夏玉米水分利用效率及干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(5):131-138. Dang Hongkai, Li Wei, Cao Caiyun, Zheng Chunlian, Ma Junyong, Li Kejiang. Effects of Late Milk Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency and Dry Matter Distribution of Maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(5):131-138.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-07-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-05-10