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葉頂形狀對軸流泵空化性能的影響
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國家自然科學基金資助項目(51109093、51079063)、江蘇省自然科學基金資助項目(BK2011503)、中國博士后科學基金特別資助項目(2012T50468)和江蘇省333高層次人才培養(yǎng)工程資助項目


Effects of Blade Tip Shape on Cavitating Flow in Axial Flow Pumps
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    摘要:

    軸流泵葉輪與轉輪室之間間隙內的泄漏流動與主流相互摻混形成的泄漏渦是導致軸流泵葉頂空化的重要原因。為研究合適的葉頂形狀來控制和改善葉頂泄漏空化,通過高速攝影空化試驗,比較了試驗結果和數值計算結果,驗證了本次數值計算的正確性。再在原始平面葉頂方案的基礎上,通過數值計算,分別研究了3種葉頂形狀(倒圓葉頂、斜切葉頂以及倒圓斜切葉頂)對軸流泵葉頂空化的影響。葉輪水體采用結構網格劃分,以便精確捕捉間隙區(qū)域的流場特性。結果表明:倒圓葉頂和倒圓斜切葉頂方案的揚程和效率都有所下降,但斜切葉頂有所升高。雖然倒圓葉頂消除了角渦空化,但泄漏渦空化加劇;而斜切葉頂得到的結果卻與之相反,且斜切葉頂的間隙內會有漩渦空化產生;相比之下,倒圓斜切葉頂的角渦空化和泄漏渦空化都得到了較好的控制。 根據研究結果,建議在滿足外特性性能要求的情況下,采用倒圓斜切葉頂方案可以較好地控制軸流泵的葉頂空化。

    Abstract:

    Tip leakage vortex in axial flow pump mainly caused by the rolling of the main flow and leakage flow from the tip clearance between blade tip and end wall is the main cause of the tip leakage vortex cavitation and blade tip cavitation erosion. In order to find an appropriate tip shape to control and reduce TLV cavitation, experimental results, from high speed photography cavitation test, and numerical results were compared to validate the correctness of the simulation. Then on the basis of original plane tip shape, the cavitation performance of the other three tip shapes, rounding, chamfered, and rounding chamfered, were studied by simulation. Fluid domain was calculated by structural mesh so as to get fluid characteristic in tip clearance region, precisely. The results show that the rounding tip and rounding chamfered tip make head and efficiency decline while the chamfered tip makes them raise a little. Although the rounding tip eliminates the corner vortex cavitation, it makes TLV cavitation worse. The chamfered tip is in contrast to the rounding tip, and there is cavitation existing in clearance. The rounding chamfered tip does well in controlling corner vortex cavitation and TLV cavitation simultaneously, compared with the others. The study suggests the rounding chamfered tip scheme can be adopt to control the tip cavitation, if the cavitation performance is the primary factor.

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施衛(wèi)東,吳蘇青,張德勝,姚 捷,程 成.葉頂形狀對軸流泵空化性能的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2014,45(9):101-106. Shi Weidong, Wu Suqing, Zhang Desheng, Yao Jie, Cheng Cheng. Effects of Blade Tip Shape on Cavitating Flow in Axial Flow Pumps[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(9):101-106.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-08-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-09-10