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咸水灌溉對(duì)土壤水熱鹽變化及棉花產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51179193)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(棉花)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金資助項(xiàng)目(CARS-18-19)和公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)資助項(xiàng)目(201203077)


Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Water-Heat-Salt Variation and Cotton Yield and Quality
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    為了充分利用咸水資源,采用田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn),研究了1、3、5、7g/L等4個(gè)礦化度咸水(分別用S1、S2、S3、S4表示)灌溉對(duì)棉田土壤水熱鹽變化特征及棉花長(zhǎng)勢(shì)、產(chǎn)量和纖維品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,棉花生育期內(nèi)各處理0~40cm土層土壤含水率及地下5cm處土壤溫度總體上都隨著灌溉水礦化度的增加而增大,但差異不大;處理間土壤電導(dǎo)率差異明顯,灌溉水礦化度愈高,土壤電導(dǎo)率愈大,棉花生育期結(jié)束后,降雨對(duì)各處理鹽分的淋洗率介于29.40%~40.40%。土壤水分和鹽分剖面分布受制于土壤質(zhì)地、降雨和棉花蒸發(fā)蒸騰耗水;干旱時(shí)期,土壤干燥,鹽分表聚,濕潤(rùn)時(shí)期與之相反。棉花成苗率、株高、單株最大葉面積和霜前花率均隨著灌溉水礦化度的增加而降低,籽棉產(chǎn)量從大到小依次為S2、S1、S3和S4,其中,S4與S1處理間的差異達(dá)顯著水平。咸水灌溉通過(guò)改變馬克隆值對(duì)纖維品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響,尤其是S4處理。研究結(jié)果可為豐富棉花咸水灌溉技術(shù)體系提供理論支撐。

    Abstract:

    To make full use of saline water resources, the effects of irrigation with saline water of different salinity on soil water-heat-salt variation, cotton growth, yield and fiber quality were studied by field contrast experiment. The irrigation water salinities of four treatments were 1 (S1), 3 (S2), 5 (S3), 7g/L (S4), respectively. Results show that the soil water content in depth of 0~40cm and the temperature at 5cm soil layer have little differences under every treatment during the cotton growing period. Both of them increase with the salinity. The differences of soil electrical conductivity in the treatments are significant. The higher salinity of irrigation water, the higher the soil electrical conductivity is. The leaching efficiency of rainfall on soil salt is 29.40%~40.40% under each treatment at the end of cotton growth. The profile distribution of soil water and salt are restrained by soil texture, rainfall and water consumption due to cotton evapotranspiration. In drought time, soil is dry and salt accumulates in surface. But in wet period the results are opposite. The seedling rate, plant height, largest leaf area per plant and pro-frost yield of cotton decrease with the irrigation water salty rise. The cotton yields of the treatments from high to low are S2, S1, S3, S4, respectively, among which the difference between S4 and S1 treatments reaches significant level. Saline water irrigation produced a negative impact on fiber quality by changing Mic value, especially for S4 treatment. The study provides an important theoretical support for developing saline water irrigation of cotton.

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張俊鵬,馮 棣,鄭春蓮,孫池濤,孫景生,高 陽(yáng).咸水灌溉對(duì)土壤水熱鹽變化及棉花產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(9):161-167. Zhang Junpeng, Feng Di, Zheng Chunlian, Sun Chitao, Sun Jingsheng, Gao Yang. Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Water-Heat-Salt Variation and Cotton Yield and Quality[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(9):161-167.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-09-03
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2014-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-09-10