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基于自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)徑流場(chǎng)的秸稈覆蓋坡耕地產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙過程
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教育部創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(IRT13039)


Process of Runoff and Sediment Yield in Straw-covered Sloping Fields Based on Automatic Runoff Monitoring Field
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    摘要:

    設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)可用于坡面侵蝕過程研究的自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)徑流場(chǎng),該徑流場(chǎng)主要由6個(gè)徑流小區(qū)和1套模擬降雨裝置組成。采用德國UGT徑流測(cè)量裝置,實(shí)現(xiàn)地表徑流的自動(dòng)采樣和記錄。用設(shè)計(jì)的徑流場(chǎng)對(duì)秸稈覆蓋坡耕地的產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙過程進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果表明相對(duì)于裸露地表,秸稈覆蓋能明顯降低各徑流小區(qū)的產(chǎn)流率和產(chǎn)沙率,延緩產(chǎn)流增加趨勢(shì),減少產(chǎn)沙總量達(dá)54.5%~63.8%。因此,增加坡耕地土壤表面的秸稈覆蓋量可有效避免產(chǎn)流在短時(shí)間內(nèi)急劇增加,并能減少對(duì)土表的沖刷作用。

    Abstract:

    The design of an automatic water runoff monitoring field was outlined. It consisted of six runoff plots and a rainfall simulator, which was generally used to study erosive processes in sloping fields. A German-made surface runoff measuring device (Umwelt-Gerate-Technik GmbH, UGT) was used in this runoff field, which effectively improved sampling efficiency and reduced human error through automatic sampling and recording. The effect of straw cover on runoff processes and sediment yield on sloping fields was investigated using this runoff monitoring field. The results demonstrated that the straw cover could significantly decrease the rates of runoff and sediment deposition, and delay the onset of surface runoff and reduce the total amount of soil loss by 54.5%~63.8%. Maximum retention of plant residues as soil cover can effectively avoid sharp increases in runoff and limit water scouring effects. It is significant for alleviating soil erosion in sloping fields.

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鄭智旗,王樹東,何進(jìn),王慶杰,李洪文,路戰(zhàn)遠(yuǎn).基于自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)徑流場(chǎng)的秸稈覆蓋坡耕地產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙過程[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(12):160-164,138. Zheng Zhiqi, Wang Shudong, He Jin, Wang Qingjie, Li Hongwen, Lu Zhanyuan. Process of Runoff and Sediment Yield in Straw-covered Sloping Fields Based on Automatic Runoff Monitoring Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):160-164,138.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-01-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-12-10
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