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秸稈覆蓋模式對(duì)玉米生理指標(biāo)及水分利用效率的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51109037)、黑龍江省博士后資助項(xiàng)目(LBH—Z10247)、黑龍江教育廳科學(xué)技術(shù)研究資助項(xiàng)目(12521033)、東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)博士啟動(dòng)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2010RCB64)和黑龍江省糧食產(chǎn)能提升協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心資助項(xiàng)目


Effect of Straw Mulching Mode on Maize Physiological Index and Water Use Efficiency
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    摘要:

    以2012—2013年田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),深入探討了不同覆蓋耕作模式對(duì)春玉米根冠比、根系時(shí)空分布、地上生物量、產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率的調(diào)控效應(yīng)。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置4個(gè)覆蓋處理(淺松覆蓋、條帶覆蓋、殘茬覆蓋、免耕全覆蓋)及對(duì)照傳統(tǒng)耕作處理,分別在拔節(jié)期和收獲期取樣觀測(cè),并采用SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行顯著性分析。結(jié)果表明:各覆蓋耕作模式對(duì)根系、地上生物量及根冠比具有前控后助效應(yīng),且拔節(jié)前期影響顯著。此外拔節(jié)前期免耕全覆蓋長(zhǎng)勢(shì)不如對(duì)照,但拔節(jié)后期4種覆蓋模式地上生物量平均高于對(duì)照1.56%~5.48%;根質(zhì)量密度平均高于對(duì)照15.10%~32,36%,根冠比平均高于對(duì)照10.38%~32.74%。產(chǎn)量與水分利用效率分別平均高于對(duì)照3.79%~12.40%和4.22%~12.31%。其中淺松覆蓋處理在玉米根系形成、增產(chǎn)及水分利用效率等方面效果最佳,適宜北方寒旱地區(qū)推廣。

    Abstract:

    The object of this study was to explore the high quality and yield cultivation mode for maize in the north drought region. The impacts of different straw mulching modes in different growth stages on maize root-shoot ratio, root temporal and spatial distribution, surface biomass, yield and water use efficiency were analyzed through field contrast experiments from 2012 to 2013.There were a conventional tillage and four straw mulching modes in the experiments, which were surface tillage with straw mulching, no-tillage with straw mulching on furrow, no-tillage with stubble mulching, and no-tillage with straw mulching on ridge and furrow. SPSS statistics software was adopted to conduct significance analysis for data of jointing stage and harvesting stage respectively. The results showed that different straw mulching farming modes had significant effect on the control and support in root, root-shoot ratio and earth surface biomass, obvious effect in the early jointing stage. In addition, no-tillage with straw mulching on ridge and furrow was inferior to conventional tillage. But the other four kinds mulching models were better than comparison for 1.56%~5.48% in growth of earth surface biomass, higher than comparison for 15.10%~32.36% in root weight density, and higher than comparison CK for 10.38%~32.74% in root-shoot ratio. The yield and utilization efficiency of water were respectively higher than comparison for 10.38%~32.74% and 4.22%~12.31%. Surface tillage with straw mulching was an ideal cultivation method for cold and arid regions of North China, which had significantly advantages in growth of root formation, yield increase and water availability. 

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汪可欣,付強(qiáng),姜辛,張曉萍.秸稈覆蓋模式對(duì)玉米生理指標(biāo)及水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(12):181-186. Wang Kexin, Fu Qiang, Jiang Xin, Zhang Xiaoping. Effect of Straw Mulching Mode on Maize Physiological Index and Water Use Efficiency[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):181-186.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-08-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-12-10
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