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再生水高效安全灌溉關(guān)鍵理論與技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展
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國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)資助項(xiàng)目(51339007)


Review on Irrigation Technology Applying Sewage Effluent—Advances and Prospects
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    摘要:

    再生水灌溉已成為世界范圍內(nèi)緩解水資源供需矛盾的有效手段。再生水中含有一定量的有害物質(zhì)可能帶來農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染風(fēng)險,不合理再生水灌溉引起的系統(tǒng)安全和環(huán)境污染風(fēng)險成為限制其應(yīng)用的主要因素。以實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、環(huán)境持續(xù)和調(diào)控有效為目標(biāo),深入開展相關(guān)理論和技術(shù)問題研究是保證再生水高效安全灌溉的關(guān)鍵。在系統(tǒng)總結(jié)國內(nèi)外研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了再生水灌溉對灌水器、灌溉系統(tǒng)、農(nóng)田環(huán)境以及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等不同尺度介質(zhì)的影響,闡釋了再生水中的養(yǎng)分、鹽分、微生物和典型污染物等的行為特征及相互作用機(jī)制。提出需要進(jìn)一步研究再生水灌溉對系統(tǒng)性能影響的微觀機(jī)制與宏觀特征、對環(huán)境影響的動力學(xué)過程、對養(yǎng)分吸收利用及轉(zhuǎn)化過程的影響以及高效安全調(diào)控機(jī)制等關(guān)鍵理論和技術(shù),為實(shí)現(xiàn)再生水的高效安全灌溉提供參考。

    Abstract:

    The use of sewage effluent subjected to proper treatment for agricultural irrigation has been increasingly considered as a supplemental source of freshwater in many countries where a shortage of potable water is current reality. However, concern exists over the pollution risk due to the toxic accumulation from sewage effluent, which is the main restraint on the application of sewage effluent irrigation. Extensive researches on system stability, environmental sustainability, and efficient control are highly necessary to ensure the efficient and safe use of sewage effluent for agricultural irrigation. The effects of sewage effluent application on drip emitters, irrigation system, environments and agricultural products were reviewed. The behaviors and interaction between nutrients, salts, microorganisms and typical pollutants were summarized. Several theoretical and technical issues that need to be further studied, including the micro mechanism and macro behaviors of the influences of sewage application on irrigation system performance, the dynamics process of environmental changes imposed by sewage irrigation, the effects of sewage application on nutrient uptake and utilization, and efficiently safe control mechanisms of sewage irrigation, were prospected. Expected researches on these issues can add new knowledge to the regulation theory of water, nutrients and salts for irrigation and it will be a contribution to enhancing the efficiency and safty of use of sewage effluent for agricultural irrigation.

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栗巖峰,李久生,趙偉霞,王珍.再生水高效安全灌溉關(guān)鍵理論與技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2015,46(6):102-110. Li Yanfeng, Li Jiusheng, Zhao Weixia, Wang Zhen. Review on Irrigation Technology Applying Sewage Effluent—Advances and Prospects[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(6):102-110.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-02-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-06-10