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微型無人機(jī)低空變量噴藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與霧滴沉積規(guī)律研究
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土壤植物機(jī)器系統(tǒng)技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放課題項(xiàng)目(2014-SKL-01)和北京都市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備檢測(cè)監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(D151100003715001)


Design of Variable Spraying System and Influencing Factors on Droplets Deposition of Small UAV
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)我國施藥機(jī)械和農(nóng)藥使用技術(shù)嚴(yán)重落后帶來的農(nóng)藥用量大、資源有效利用率低、農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)下降等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了微型無人機(jī)脈寬調(diào)制型變量噴藥系統(tǒng),并利用風(fēng)洞的可控多風(fēng)速環(huán)境,通過熒光粉測(cè)試方法對(duì)懸停無人機(jī)變量噴藥的霧滴沉積規(guī)律進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。變量噴藥系統(tǒng)由地面測(cè)控單元和機(jī)載噴施系統(tǒng)兩部分組成,基于LabWindows/CVI的地面測(cè)控軟件,采用頻率為10Hz、占空比可調(diào)的脈沖信號(hào)經(jīng)無線數(shù)傳模塊遠(yuǎn)程控制機(jī)載噴施系統(tǒng);機(jī)載噴施系統(tǒng)以ARM Cortex-M3系列的STM32F103VC微處理器為核心,接收地面控制信號(hào)實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)電動(dòng)隔膜泵電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速,以改變系統(tǒng)噴霧壓力和噴藥量,實(shí)現(xiàn)變量噴霧調(diào)節(jié)。懸停風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)中,選擇了PWM占空比、噴孔直徑、電動(dòng)離心噴頭轉(zhuǎn)速等變量,對(duì)不同距離和風(fēng)速條件下霧滴沉積效果進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,風(fēng)速是影響霧滴沉積效果的最顯著因素,霧滴沉積以拋物線形式分布在采集區(qū)域,沉積高峰區(qū)隨風(fēng)速增加不僅遠(yuǎn)離噴頭,且飄移沉積量逐漸減少;霧滴粒徑在風(fēng)速小于3m/s時(shí)對(duì)沉積效果影響不顯著,當(dāng)風(fēng)速大于3m/s時(shí),不同粒徑的霧滴均發(fā)生飄移,飄移沉積量明顯減少且沉積范圍向遠(yuǎn)離噴頭運(yùn)動(dòng);粒徑101.74μm的霧滴更易發(fā)生飄移,沉積高峰區(qū)集中在距離噴頭4m以外,且飄移沉積量明顯低于粒徑164.00μm與228.16μm的霧滴。

    Abstract:

    A pulse width modulation (PWM) variable spraying system based on miniature unmanned aerial vehicle was developed, and based on controllable multi-speed environment, a droplet deposition test through droplets concentration method was studied for the PWM spraying system when the UAV was hovering. The system is consisted of airborne spraying device and ground measurement and control unit. The airborne spraying device with the MCU of STM32F103VC was remotely controlled by the ground measurement and control unit which was developed by LabWindows/CVI through wireless data transmission module. Frequency of 10Hz square wave and adjustable duty ratio were evaluated to control micro electric diaphragm pump, and then pressure and flow rate of the system were changed. The experiments were carried on under the condition of different distance and wind speed to get the relationship among deposition volume, duty ratio, nozzle type, and the rotate speed of centrifugal nozzle. The results showed that wind speed was the most significant factor influencing the droplet deposition. Deposition volume was distributed in a parabolic type in the collection area, gradually decreased and the deposition peak was far away from the nozzle with increasing of wind speed. Droplet diameter was not very important to deposition when wind speed was smaller than 3m/s. When the wind speed was greater or equal to 3m/s, the droplet was drifted of different diameters, and the deposition volume reduced significantly and moved away from the nozzle. Small droplet size (101.74μm) was much easier to be drifted, and the peak concentration was 4m far from the nozzle. Also the deposition volume of small droplet size was much lower than droplet size of 164.00μm and 228.16μm. The optimization of spraying parameters and a theoretical support to improve the quality of aviation operations were provided by the results.

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王玲,蘭玉彬,W Clint Hoffmann, Bradley K Fritz,陳度,王書茂.微型無人機(jī)低空變量噴藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與霧滴沉積規(guī)律研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(1):15-22. Wang Ling, Lan Yubin, W Clint Hoffmann, Bradley K Fritz, Chen Du, Wang Shumao. Design of Variable Spraying System and Influencing Factors on Droplets Deposition of Small UAV[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):15-22.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-05-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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