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拖拉機駕駛機器人換擋機械手運動分析
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國家自然科學基金青年基金項目(51405239)、江蘇省自然科學基金青年基金項目(BK20130696)、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費專項資金項目(KYZ201427)和遠程測控技術(shù)江蘇省重點實驗室開放基金項目(YCCK201501)


Motion Analysis of Tractor Robot Driver’s Gear Shift Mechanical Arm
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    摘要:

    針對小型四輪農(nóng)用拖拉機變速箱換擋阻力呈現(xiàn)時變、非線性特性,且換擋后需要松開換擋桿的特殊要求,設(shè)計了拖拉機駕駛機器人換擋機械手,該機械手為關(guān)節(jié)型結(jié)構(gòu),采用D-H方法建立機械手坐標變換矩陣,對機械手進行運動學分析,并通過拉格朗日動力學方程建立簡化機械手的動力學模型。利用SolidWorks建立換擋機械手虛擬樣機模型,并采用多體動力學仿真軟件ADAMS進行運動學和動力學仿真;為保證換擋平順性,設(shè)置機械手末端執(zhí)行器與拖拉機變速桿端部間位移小于50mm為約束條件,將換擋過程中末端執(zhí)行器抖動速度絕對值最小作為目標函數(shù)進行參數(shù)優(yōu)化,當換擋機械手長度為220.0mm、末端高度為393.25mm時目標函數(shù)最優(yōu),此時機械手末端執(zhí)行器抖動速度平均值較優(yōu)化前減小28.18%,位移和加速度平均值變化率分別為49.55%和52.05%,位移、速度和加速度的峰值變化率分別為60.22%、66.24%和81.66%,通過仿真初步驗證了所提機械手參數(shù)優(yōu)化及所建模型的合理性和科學性。最后,在JINMA 300E型拖拉機上對優(yōu)化后的換擋機械手進行實驗研究,實驗結(jié)果表明機械手可實現(xiàn)不同擋位的換擋動作,平順性好,并可模擬拖拉機駕駛員換擋完成后對變速桿的松手動作,有良好的工程和應(yīng)用價值。

    Abstract:

    Respect to the character that the gearbox shifting resistance exist in the fourwheel minitype agricultural tractor is timevarying and nonlinear and the special requirement that the gear shift lever has to be released after shifting, this paper designed a novel gear shift mechanical arm for tractor robot driver. This manipulator is joint type. According to the manipulator’s operating characteristic, this paper applied D-H method to establish the coordinate transformation matrix. Based on the kinematics analysis on the manipulator, Lagrange equation was used to simplify kinetic model of the manipulator. SolidWorks and ADAMS were applied to establish the virtual prototype model of the manipulator and to do kinematic and dynamic simulation respectively. In order to guarantee the smoothness of shift, the distance between the terminal of the manipulator’s actuator and the gear shift lever of the tractor was set to less than 50mm. The absolute value of terminal actuator’s minimum jitter speed during shift was optimized as the objective function. The target function is optimal when the length of shift manipulator is 220.0mm and the height of the terminal is 393.25mm. After optimization, the jitter speed fluctuation is 28.18% less than before. The rate of change of average displacement and average acceleration are 49.55% and 52.05%. At the same time, the peak value of the displacement, velocity and acceleration are 60.22%, 66.24% and 81.66%, respectively. Through the simulation, the optimization of the parameters of the manipulator, the rationality and the scientificity of the model are verified. Finally, through the experiment on gear shift mechanical arm on JINMA 300E tractor, the result shows that the gear mechanical arm can realize the goal to shift different gears smoothly. In addition, the design of the gear mechanical arm can complete some complicated actions of tractor’s driver. Thus, the gear shift mechanical arm has excellent engineering and application value.

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盧偉,陳浩,王玲,趙賢林,章永年.拖拉機駕駛機器人換擋機械手運動分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(1):37-44. Lu Wei, Chen Hao, Wang Ling, Zhao Xianlin, Zhang Yongnian. Motion Analysis of Tractor Robot Driver’s Gear Shift Mechanical Arm[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):37-44.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-07-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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