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秸稈-土壤-旋耕刀系統(tǒng)中秸稈位移仿真分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51275250)和江蘇省2013年度普通高校研究生科研創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(CXZZ13_0282)


Simulation Analysis of Straw Movement in Straw-Soil-Rotary Blade System
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    摘要:

    秸稈-土壤-旋耕刀之間的相互作用機(jī)理對于分析耕作過程有著重要作用。為研究秸稈-土壤-旋耕刀的宏觀及微觀相互作用,對系統(tǒng)中的秸稈位移進(jìn)行了仿真分析。首先建立了秸稈-土壤-旋耕刀相互作用的三維離散元模型;其次,對仿真結(jié)果與室內(nèi)土槽實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析,在土槽實(shí)驗(yàn)中采用示蹤器方法測量秸稈位移;仿真中導(dǎo)出每個(gè)時(shí)刻的秸稈位置用來描述秸稈仿真位移;最后,利用仿真數(shù)據(jù)對秸稈位移進(jìn)行三維分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)和仿真都在恒定前進(jìn)速度0.222m/s和耕深100mm及4種轉(zhuǎn)速(77、100、123、146r/min)下進(jìn)行。實(shí)驗(yàn)與仿真結(jié)果皆顯示秸稈位移隨著轉(zhuǎn)速增加呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢;秸稈的水平運(yùn)動位移總是大于同轉(zhuǎn)速下的側(cè)向位移;高轉(zhuǎn)速下的實(shí)驗(yàn)與仿真位移誤差約為40%,低轉(zhuǎn)速下為70%。利用擬合的誤差方程和仿真值可以估算秸稈的水平和側(cè)向位移值,估算值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值誤差為8.7%和9.3%。通過追蹤不同位置的秸稈顆粒發(fā)現(xiàn):初始位置不同的秸稈顆粒具有不同的運(yùn)動:位于正切刃內(nèi)側(cè)的秸稈在刀刃切開土壤時(shí),沿正切刃邊緣滑出;而位于側(cè)切刃下方的秸稈在開始時(shí)被側(cè)切刃擠壓隨刀刃一起運(yùn)動,而后隨土壤一起被拋起;遠(yuǎn)離旋耕刀工作范圍的秸稈,則因受土壤擾動影響而僅有微小的位移。緊靠側(cè)切刃及過渡刃周圍的秸稈顆粒在考察時(shí)間段內(nèi)被直接旋耕入土。可以利用秸稈的垂直方向受力情況,優(yōu)化旋耕刀刃口曲線提高秸稈在旋耕過程中直接入土的比例;還可以整合秸稈水平和側(cè)向位移及分布,尋找最優(yōu)工作參數(shù)使秸稈在3個(gè)方向都能均勻分散,從而提高秸稈分布均勻度。

    Abstract:

    The strawsoilrotary tool interaction plays a pivotal role in the field of crop production. The simulation of strawsoilrotary blade interaction using distinct element method (DEM) could be hypothesized to provide a better understanding of the straw movement. Firstly, DEM model of strawsoilrotary blade interaction was established. Secondly, indoor soil bin experiments were conducted to verify simulation model, positions of straw particle at every moment were used to study straw displacement in simulation and tracer method was employed to measure straw displacement in experiments. Both simulation and experiment were performed with four rotational blade speeds (77r/min, 100r/min, 123r/min, 146r/min) at constant forward speed of 0.222m/s and depth of 100mm. The straw displacement both in soil bin and simulation increased with increasing rotational speed of blade. Moreover, the displacement in forward direction was larger than that of side direction at all rotational speeds in both experiment and simulation. The average error of straw displacement between simulated results and experimental results was about 40% for higher rotational speed while 70% for lower ones. The relation equation between relative error and rotational speed can be used to predict the experimental values, and the error between the predicted ones and experimental ones were 8.7% and 9.3% for forward and side displacements. Microscopic movements of straws were analyzed by tracing three specific straw particles. The movement of straw near sidelong edge or lengthwise edge was affected by cutting edges, the straw located at inner side of sidelong edge slipped off along the border of sidelong edge when rotary blade started to cut the soil while the straw near lengthwise edge was pushed to move along the lengthwise edge at the initial stage of soil cutting and later was tossed upward. The movement of straw away from cutting range was only affected by soil disturbance. The straw particles near lengthwise edge or transition edge could be buried directly during tillage. It is recommended to increase the ration of straw burial during tillage by optimizing edge curve and improve dispersed homogeneous degree by selecting the optimal operational parameters of rotary blade.

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方會敏,姬長英,Ahmed Ali Tagar,張慶怡,郭俊.秸稈-土壤-旋耕刀系統(tǒng)中秸稈位移仿真分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(1):60-67. Fang Huimin, Ji Changying, Ahmed Ali Tagar, Zhang Qingyi, Guo Jun. Simulation Analysis of Straw Movement in Straw-Soil-Rotary Blade System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):60-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-08-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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