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田間原位綜合耕作試驗臺設計與應用
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國家自然科學基金項目(41371238)


Design and Application of Multipurpose Insitu Tillage Tool Testing Platform
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    摘要:

    土壤耕作試驗臺是開展耕作與種植機具性能試驗的關鍵裝備,通常采用室內土槽的形式,但室內重塑的土壤難以反映田間土壤固有的結構性和耕性。本文在前期工作的基礎上具體闡述了田間原位綜合耕作試驗臺原理,所設計的原位綜合耕作試驗臺充分發(fā)揮室內土槽試驗系統(tǒng)在控制精準、互換性強、測試對象及試驗內容豐富等優(yōu)勢,為不同種類的牽引型與驅動型耕作部件的試驗研究提供了專用的裝備。試驗臺采用框架導軌的結構形式,整體吊裝運輸。在田間工作時4個立柱支撐在地面鋪放的軌道上實現(xiàn)整體橫向進位和縱向移動,兼顧長途運輸、田間移位、以及在試驗區(qū)測試過程精準定位的方便性。各種耕作部件都可掛接在多功能測試臺車上完成測試,臺車配有功能完備的傳感器且設置動力驅動模塊,提供驅動型耕作部件的驅動和信號測試功能。試驗臺的軌道提供測試臺車的導向并通過電力拖動系統(tǒng)牽引測試臺車,牽引速度在0~1m/s范圍內可調。試驗臺的升降由4個立柱上端的同步電機驅動,滿足旋耕、犁耕、開溝器等測試過程的刀具入土及耕深控制要求。立柱的整體升降配合測試臺車上的螺桿調節(jié)裝置可以實現(xiàn)最大80 cm的深度調節(jié)。試驗臺配備完備的供電及控制系統(tǒng),提高了田間試驗的電氣化程度。經檢驗所設計的原位綜合耕作試驗臺滿足多因子多水平田間測試的要求,節(jié)約試驗用地并提高了效率。

    Abstract:

    A key facility for tillage and seeding implements testing is the experimental soil tillage platform, which is generally constructed in the indoor soilbins. However, soil structure and workability of the field state soil is not attainable with laboratory remolding procedures. Based on the previous works, a multifunctional soil tillage testing platform for insitu experiment was developed, serving as a specialized experimental equipment for various types of tractive or propelled tillage tools. This platform inherited the benefits of indoor soil bin systems, e.g. precision control, high interchangeability, adaptable to multiple testing tools and experimental plans. Being designed in a structure of supported frame and rail systems, the whole platform can be hoisted and loaded on a track for transportation. The four supporting beams sat on rails laid on soil surface, facilitating transversal and longitudinal movement, maneuvering from one field to another, as well as positioning for precision control for testing and measurement. Different tillage tools can be hooked on a multipurpose testing cart, on which complete set of sensors and power supply unit were supplied for propelling the attached tools and data collection. Two guidings railed on the platform guided the multipurpose testing cart, which was tracked by an electric driving mechanism. The forwarding speed was adjustable in a range of 0~1m/s. The four synchronous electric motors situated on the four supporting beams facilitated overall elevating movement of the platform and adjusted the working depth of tillage tools. Total attainable vertical displacement from both the platform movement and the screw mechanism of the testing cart can be 80cm, satisfying different experimental demands. A complete electrical power and control system was designed, which highly improved the degree of electrification. Trial test in field showed that the developed system was suitable for insitu multifactor and multilevel experimental test.

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楊艷山,丁啟朔,丁為民,薛金林,邱威,何瑞銀.田間原位綜合耕作試驗臺設計與應用[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(1):68-74. Yang Yanshan, Ding Qishuo, Ding Weimin, Xue Jinlin, Qiu Wei, He Ruiyin. Design and Application of Multipurpose Insitu Tillage Tool Testing Platform[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):68-74.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-07-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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