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圓形噴灌機(jī)條件下水肥耦合對(duì)紫花苜蓿產(chǎn)量的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51321001)、國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100506)和土壤植物機(jī)器系統(tǒng)技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放課題項(xiàng)目(2014-SKL-09)


Effects of Water-fertilizer Coupling on Alfalfa Yield under Center Pivot Irrigation System
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    摘要:

    在內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯市賽烏素地區(qū)開(kāi)展了圓形噴灌機(jī)噴灌均勻性試驗(yàn)和苜蓿水肥耦合試驗(yàn),研究了圓形噴灌機(jī)水肥耦合對(duì)苜蓿產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,建植5a并每年刈割3茬的紫花苜蓿,年需水量為469.4mm,其各茬產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率(WUE)均逐茬遞減,耗水量逐茬增加。適當(dāng)減少灌水量(80%ETc)不會(huì)造成苜蓿的產(chǎn)量下降,但當(dāng)灌水量減少至60%ETc時(shí),產(chǎn)量會(huì)顯著下降。苜蓿全年3茬均采用80%ETc的灌水處理可獲得產(chǎn)量和WUE的最佳組合。第1茬施用90kg/hm2的磷鉀復(fù)合肥,第2、3茬施用70kg/hm2的尿素時(shí)苜蓿的肥料偏生產(chǎn)力(PFP)最高,但不同肥力水平對(duì)苜蓿產(chǎn)量無(wú)顯著影響,在全生長(zhǎng)季內(nèi)水肥耦合效應(yīng)對(duì)苜蓿產(chǎn)量影響均不顯著。圓形噴灌機(jī)尾槍控制面積內(nèi)的實(shí)際灌水量超過(guò)其余控制面積的1/3,但產(chǎn)量未相應(yīng)增加,建議合理配置尾槍以提高苜蓿水分利用效率。

    Abstract:

    A test on water application uniformity of center pivot system and field experiment of waterfertilizer coupling on alfalfa were conducted at Saiwusu, Inner Mongolia, to evaluate the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on hay yield by center pivot system. The results show that annual water requirement is 469.4mm for alfalfa of fifth years and three harvests every year. Yield and crop water use efficiency decreased by crop, while water consumption increased. No significant differences existed in alfalfa yield between 100%ETc and 80%ETc irrigation level, but 60%ETc level caused an obvious reduction. It can obtain the best combination of yield and crop water use efficiency when using 80%ETc irrigation level for each harvest. Alfalfa applied with 90kg/hm2 phosphatepotassium compound fertilizer for the first crop and 70kg/hm2 urea fertilizer for the second crop has the highest partial factor productivity (PFP). Neither fertilizer application nor waterfertilizer coupling 〖JP3〗has no significant effect on alfalfa yield in the whole growing season. The actual irrigation amounts applied by the end gun are one third larger than that in the other circular area of the system, while the hay yield has no corresponding increase. In order to reduce waste of irrigation water, the end gun should be selected properly in center pivot irrigation system.

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李茂娜,王曉玉,楊小剛,田彥軍,嚴(yán)海軍.圓形噴灌機(jī)條件下水肥耦合對(duì)紫花苜蓿產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(1):133-140. Li Maona, Wang Xiaoyu, Yang Xiaogang, Tian Yanjun, Yan Haijun. Effects of Water-fertilizer Coupling on Alfalfa Yield under Center Pivot Irrigation System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):133-140.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-07-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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