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干旱綠洲區(qū)膜下滴灌棉田土壤鹽分時(shí)空變化特征研究
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“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013BAC10B01)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51169024)


Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Soil Salt Content in Cotton Fields under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Arid Oasis Regions
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    摘要:

    基于Penman-Monteith公式設(shè)計(jì)一定梯度的灌水定額和灌水次數(shù)雙因素組合試驗(yàn),通過(guò)2012—2014年連續(xù)3a免冬、春灌膜下滴灌棉花田間定位試驗(yàn)研究,測(cè)定分析土壤鹽分時(shí)空變化規(guī)律及其對(duì)棉花產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:膜下滴灌棉花生育期0~30cm土壤鹽分變幅大于40~100cm,較小的灌水定額和灌水次數(shù)使0~30cm鹽分變幅增大,棉花苗期和花鈴期變幅最為明顯。灌水定額對(duì)土壤剖面鹽分變異程度影響弱于灌水次數(shù)。增加灌水定額有利于減小棉花各生育階段0~30cm土壤鹽分含量。土壤剖面鹽分呈“C”形分布,0~40cm土壤鹽分含量灌水12次比灌水16次大1.74%,50~80cm土層土壤鹽分含量灌水16次比灌水12次大1.71%,灌水次數(shù)對(duì)90~100cm土層土壤鹽分影響不明顯。同一灌水次數(shù)下,460mm灌溉定額籽棉產(chǎn)量最高,適宜灌溉定額下,16次灌水次數(shù)籽棉產(chǎn)量高于灌水12次籽棉產(chǎn)量。灌溉水利用效率隨灌水定額的降低和灌水次數(shù)的增加而提高,在南疆水資源短缺情況下高頻次小定額灌溉可獲得最大的灌溉水利用效率。當(dāng)0~30cm初始土壤含鹽量(2.03g/kg)小于3.0g/kg時(shí),棉花生育期460mm灌溉定額、16次灌水次數(shù),不會(huì)產(chǎn)生土壤鹽分累積情況,可作為南疆干旱區(qū)免冬、春灌適宜棉花灌溉制度。

    Abstract:

    On the basis of Penman-Monteith formula, the doublefactor combination experiments were designed, and the factors included certain gradients of the irrigation quotas and irrigation frequencies. Through consecutive 3year investigations concerning field experiments of cotton under conditions of mulched drip irrigation with nowinter and spring irrigation (NWSI) from 2012 to 2014, the rules for changes in soil salt content were determined, and the effects of these changes on cotton yield were analyzed. The results showed that during the growth period of cotton, soil salt content within soil layer depths of 0~30cm was more conspicuous than that within soil layer depths of 40~100cm,smaller irrigation quotas and less irrigation frequency brought about increased magnitudes of changes within soil layer depths of 0~30cm, and such changes became the most salient at seedling stage as well as blossing and bollforming stages. Effects of irrigation quotas on salt content in soil profiles were weaker than such effects exerted by irrigation frequencies. Enhancement of irrigation quotas was beneficial for reductions of salt content within soil layer depths of 0~30cm at different stages of cottons growth. Salt content in soil profiles exhibited a “C”shaped distribution: within soil layer depths of 0~40cm, salt content was 1.74% greater under 12 irrigations than that under 16 irrigations; within soil layer depths of 50~80cm, salt content was 1.71% higher under 16 irrigations than that under 12 irrigations; whereas within soil layer depths of 90~100cm, irrigation frequency exerted insignificant effects on salt content. Under the same irrigation frequency, the maximum seed cotton yield occurred under the irrigation quota of 460mm. Under favorable irrigation quotas, seed cotton yield was greater under 16 irrigations than that under 12 irrigations. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was enhanced under lowered irrigation quotas and increased irrigation frequencies, and in South Xinjiang afflicted by water deficit, the maximum IWUE can be acquired under high irrigation frequencies and low irrigation quotas. Within soil layer depths of 0~30cm, when initial soil salt content amounted to 2.03g/kg (less than 3.0g/kg), during the growth period of cotton, an irrigation quota of 460mm with 16 irrigations did not lead to the situation of soil salt accumulation. Therefore, it can be regarded as a suitable irrigation scheduling for NWSI in arid regions in South Xinjiang.

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姚寶林,李光永,葉含春,李發(fā)永.干旱綠洲區(qū)膜下滴灌棉田土壤鹽分時(shí)空變化特征研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(1):151-161. Yao Baolin, Li Guangyong, Ye Hanchun, Li Fayong. Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Soil Salt Content in Cotton Fields under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Arid Oasis Regions[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):151-161.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-06-10
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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