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微壓煮漿對豆乳蛋白粒子形成與豆乳加工特性的影響
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAD34B03)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31301500)


Effects of Micro-pressure Boiling Process on Formation of Protein Particles in Soybean Milk and Its Processing Characteristics
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    摘要:

    豆乳中蛋白粒子的性狀直接影響豆乳的加工特性,而豆乳中蛋白粒子的形成與加熱溫度及加熱方式具有非常密切的關(guān)系。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對比分析了常壓煮漿和微壓煮漿過程中豆乳蛋白粒子的含量變化,考察了微壓煮漿方式對豆乳穩(wěn)定性、流變性及豆腐質(zhì)構(gòu)特性的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:微壓煮漿方式改變了豆乳中蛋白粒子的形成,提高了豆乳中蛋白粒子的含量,從而使豆乳的加工特性產(chǎn)生了重要變化。與常壓煮漿相比,微壓煮漿豆乳平均粒徑更小,使豆乳在長期儲藏中保持更高的穩(wěn)定性;微壓煮漿與常壓煮漿豆乳的流體特性指數(shù)都近似為1,表現(xiàn)出牛頓流體特性,但是由于蛋白粒子數(shù)的增多,增大了豆乳的粘度;微壓煮漿豆乳蛋白粒子增多提高了豆腐凝膠硬度、彈性、膠黏性,使豆腐的凝膠質(zhì)構(gòu)明顯增強(qiáng)。

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    The processing characteristics of soybean milk were directly affected by properties of protein particles. The formation of protein particles in soybean milk was closely related to heating temperature and heating method. At present, micropressure boiling has become a kind of important method of cooking soybean milk in China. However, up to now there were no reports on the influence of micropressure boiling on the changes of soybean milk processing characteristics. Through the contrast and analysis of the changes in the content of protein particles in soybean milk between ordinary pressure boiling and micropressure boiling, this article studied the effects of the micropressure boiling method on the stability of soybean milk, rheological properties and the textural characteristics of soybean curd. The experimental results showed that micropressure boiling method changed the composition of protein particles in soybean milk, after boiling for 10 min, the content of protein particles in soybean milk would reach 52%, which was 13% higher than that in ordinary pressure boiling, and as a result, there were significant changes of soybean milk processing characteristics. Soybean milk after micropressure boiling would possess particles with much smaller average diameter (0。3257μm after 10min boiling), which was beneficial for the stability of soybean milk in longterm storage. Fluid properties indexes of micropressure boiling soybean milk and ordinary pressure boiling soybean milk were both approximate to 1, showing Newtonian fluid properties. But as protein particle numbers increasing after micropressure boiling, there were more acidic peptides and α and α′ subunit in 7S distributing in the surface of protein particles, which improved protein hydrophilicity and increased the viscosity of soybean milk. In the gelation process of soybean curd, more protein particles were involved in the formation of network structure, which made the network structure more compact, thus enhanced the interaction between proteins, as a result, the hardness, elasticity and glue viscosity of soybean curd gel were all increased, and the gel texture of soybean curd was significantly improved.

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左鋒,趙忠良,施小迪,謝來超,郭順堂.微壓煮漿對豆乳蛋白粒子形成與豆乳加工特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(1):247-251. Zuo Feng, Zhao Zhongliang, Shi Xiaodi, Xie Laichao, Guo Shuntang. Effects of Micro-pressure Boiling Process on Formation of Protein Particles in Soybean Milk and Its Processing Characteristics[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):247-251.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-10-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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