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胡蘿卜收獲機根莖分離裝置設計與試驗
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國家國際科技合作專項(2013DFA71130)、河南省產(chǎn)學研合作項目(132107000051)和河南省自然科學基金項目(132300410152)


Design and Experiment of Stems Cutting Device for Carrot Harvester
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    摘要:

    為了提高胡蘿卜收獲機的作業(yè)質(zhì)量,在統(tǒng)計分析主要胡蘿卜品種物理特性參數(shù)的基礎上,設計了一種由平板式齊平器、水平夾持輸送機構(gòu)、雙圓盤式切秧機構(gòu)和上水平夾持輸送機構(gòu)等組成的根莖分離裝置。利用解析作圖法對雙圓盤式切秧機構(gòu)進行受力和運動分析,得出了莖稈順利切割滿足的力學關系;結(jié)合作業(yè)速度分析,確定了圓盤刀的轉(zhuǎn)速范圍為312~325r/min;以胡蘿卜收獲農(nóng)藝要求及低能耗為目標,通過理論計算得出了圓盤刀的各關鍵結(jié)構(gòu)和工作參數(shù)。設計了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式的圓盤刀,選取切凈率和肉質(zhì)根損傷率為試驗指標,進行對比田間試驗,結(jié)果表明:在轉(zhuǎn)速315r/min時,刃角型普通圓盤刀與鋸齒狀圓盤刀根莖分離效果近似,切秧率均超過90%,肉質(zhì)根損傷率低于2%。考慮經(jīng)濟性,采用刃角型普通圓盤刀加裝根莖分離裝置,進行了整機田間試驗,結(jié)果表明:在機器前進速度1.34m/s時,胡蘿卜收凈率98.3%、切秧率90.6%、肉質(zhì)根損傷率1.8%、總損失率3.5%,符合胡蘿卜收獲的技術指標要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the work quality of carrot harvester, roots and stems cutting device of carrot was designed based on statistical analysis of physical parameters of carrot. This device consists of leveler, gripping delivery mechanism, double disc blade cutting device and upper gripping delivery mechanism. Force analysis of double disc blade cutting device was done by the means of graphic analysis, the request of stems being cut was obtained by the experiment; rotate speed of disc blade was determined at 312~325r/min by analyzing the operation velocity. The working parameters of disc blade were calculated according to the agricultural requirements and the objective of low energy consumption. Two kinds of blades were designed, and cutting rate and root damage rate were chosen as the experiment indicators. The contrast test was done and the result showed that operation performance of the ordinary disc blade and blade with serrated edge was approximate. Both of above blade’s cutting rates were more than 90%, and the root damage rate was less than 2%. Taking the economy into consideration, field experiment was done with the ordinary blade, the result showed that when the device worked at the speed of 1.34m/s, the net rate was 98.3%, cutting rate was 90.6%, root damage rate was 1.8% and the total losing rate was 3.5% which met the requirement of carrot harvester.

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金鑫,杜新武,王世光,姬江濤,董祥,王東洋.胡蘿卜收獲機根莖分離裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(3):82-89. Jin Xin, Du Xinwu, Wang Shiguang, Ji Jiangtao, Dong Xiang, Wang Dongyang. Design and Experiment of Stems Cutting Device for Carrot Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):82-89.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-09-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-03-10
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