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炭—肥互作對芥菜產(chǎn)量和肥料利用率的影響
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科技部農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化項(xiàng)目(2014GB2E000048)


Effect of Interaction of Biochar and Fertilizer on Mustard Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate
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    進(jìn)行了生物質(zhì)炭—化肥互作試驗(yàn),探究炭—肥互作對紅壤養(yǎng)分、芥菜產(chǎn)量、肥料利用率的影響。采用盆栽試驗(yàn),設(shè)置空白對照組CK(不加炭,不施肥)、加炭組(施加5%的稻殼炭),按照化肥投入量的遞減率為0、15%、30%、45%,依次標(biāo)記為RFC0、RFC1、RFC2、RFC3,對應(yīng)的不加炭處理依次記為RF0、RF1、RF2、RF3。結(jié)果表明,添加5%的稻殼炭、化肥施用量為常規(guī)施肥量的55%(RFC3)時(shí),氮肥表觀利用率最高,炭—肥互作處理的氮肥利用率均顯著高于常規(guī)施肥處理,平均提高161.42%,而加炭處理(RFC0、RFC1、RFC2、RFC3)的芥菜產(chǎn)量分別比對應(yīng)的不加炭處理平均提高79.28%。炭—肥互作組的紅壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量比單施化肥組平均高出241.42%;RFC3處理的紅壤堿解氮、有效磷含量均高于RF0處理,說明炭可以增加土壤養(yǎng)分,當(dāng)施肥量為常規(guī)施肥量的55%時(shí),生物質(zhì)炭與化肥互作,保持了土壤的有效養(yǎng)分。另外,炭—肥互作的種植模式也促進(jìn)了芥菜對氮、磷、鉀養(yǎng)分的吸收和貯藏。在本試驗(yàn)條件下,降低肥料投入時(shí),生物質(zhì)炭發(fā)揮其對紅壤的綜合改良效應(yīng)及其對養(yǎng)分的吸收和固持作用,從而表現(xiàn)出顯著的增產(chǎn)效應(yīng);炭—肥互作模式可以在低肥料投入時(shí)通過提高肥料表觀利用率、氮肥利用率來保證作物的養(yǎng)分供給,保持土壤的肥力,使作物增產(chǎn)。

    Abstract:

    The effect of interaction of biochar and fertilizer (IBF) on nutrients of red soil, yield of mustard and fertilizer utilization rate was investigated. IBF experiments were conducted, the treatments included RFC treatment (both biochar and fertilizer were applied), RF treatment (only fertilizer applied) and control treatment CK (no biochar and fertilizer applied). The fertilizer application dosages were 100%, 85%, 70%, 55% of the regular fertilizer application quantity, which were correspondingly denoted as RFC0, RFC1, RFC2, RFC3 of RFC treatment and RF0, RF1, RF2, RF3 of RF treatment, respectively. The results showed that the nitrogen utilization rate of RFC3 was higher than those of other treatments. The nitrogen utilization rate, yield of mustard and the soil organic matter content of RFC treatments were averagely increased by 161.42%, 79.28% and 241.42% compared with those of RF treatments, respectively. The alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of RFC3 were higher than those of RF0. Additionally, IBF planting pattern promoted mustard to adsorb and accumulate N, P, K effectively. In conclusion, biochar played an important role in nutrients adsorption and enrichment for mustard growth. The mechanism of yield increment and soil fertility enhancement could be explained that the IBF planting pattern brought the comprehensive amendment effect in the red soil and provided mustard with sufficient nutrients by biochar’s adsorption and fixation for nutrients, which made fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increase significantly, although the application amount of fertilizer was very low in the experiment.

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杜衍紅,蔣恩臣,王明峰,許細(xì)薇,李治宇,張世軍.炭—肥互作對芥菜產(chǎn)量和肥料利用率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(4):59-64. Du Yanhong, Jiang Enchen, Wang Mingfeng, Xu Xiwei, Li Zhiyu, Zhang Shijun. Effect of Interaction of Biochar and Fertilizer on Mustard Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):59-64.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-11-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-04-10