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覆蓋和草籬對(duì)紅壤坡耕地花生生長(zhǎng)和土壤特性的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41401311)、水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(20120225)、江西省重點(diǎn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)化計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20133ACI90004)、江西省水利科技項(xiàng)目(KT201421)和江西省贛鄱英才555工程項(xiàng)目


Effects of Straw Mulching and Vetiver Grass Hedgerows on Peanut Growth and Soil Property in Red Soil Sloping Field
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    摘要:

    開(kāi)展了稻草覆蓋和香根草籬控制紅壤旱坡地水土流失的長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn),研究了香根草籬、稻草覆蓋、香根草籬+稻草覆蓋3種類(lèi)型的水土保持耕作措施和常規(guī)耕作對(duì)紅壤旱坡地土壤物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、生物學(xué)特性和花生生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,香根草籬+稻草覆蓋和稻草覆蓋措施實(shí)施5a后仍能促進(jìn)花生花莢期莖、葉、根、果生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,與常規(guī)耕作相比,花生增產(chǎn)明顯,增產(chǎn)量為460.65~761.11kg/hm2,增產(chǎn)率為6.19%~20.32%;香根草籬措施雖然沒(méi)有明顯地促進(jìn)花生生長(zhǎng)和產(chǎn)量,但其減流減蝕效果顯著,綜合效益仍?xún)?yōu)于常規(guī)耕作。稻草覆蓋和香根草籬及其組合措施建立5a后,與常規(guī)耕作相比,3種類(lèi)型的水土保持耕作措施土壤化學(xué)性狀均有不同程度的提高,并以香根草籬+稻草覆蓋措施的提高效果最明顯;香根草籬+稻草覆蓋措施下土壤小于2μm的微團(tuán)聚體含量和土壤主要微生物類(lèi)群總量明顯高于常規(guī)耕作,改善了土壤物理結(jié)構(gòu),提高了土壤微生物活性。表明稻草覆蓋和香根草籬等水土保持耕作措施是適合紅壤旱坡地農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效模式,其中香根草籬+稻草覆蓋組合模式在土壤質(zhì)量改善和作物增產(chǎn)效果方面尤為突出。

    Abstract:

    The study is aimed to identify the law of how soil property and peanut growth respond to soil and water conservation (SWC) tillage in order to provide a scientific basis for preventing soil erosion, improving soil fertility and increasing peanut yield in red soil sloping land. The impacts of three types of SWC tillage practices, namely vetiver grass hedgerows (VH), straw mulching (SM) and vetiver grass hedgerows plus straw mulching (VH+SM), on soil property and peanut yield were examined and compared with conventional tillage (CT) through a long-term located experiment in sloping land of red soil. Results showed that after five years of the experiment, VH+SM and SM treatments could still promote the growth of stem, leaf, root and fruit of its in peanut flowering and podding periods, and created significant peanut yield increments of 460.65kg/hm2 and 761.11kg/hm2 with increasing rates of 6.19% and 20.32%, respectively, compared with CT. Although VH treatment had no obvious influence on promoting peanut growth and yield, its effect on reducing erosion was remarkable, and thus its comprehensive benefit were still better than that of CT. The three SWC tillage practices all improved the chemical properties of soil to some extent compared with CT. Among them, VH+SM treatment exhibited the best performance, and increased the soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents by 36.81%, 64.03%, and 43.50%, respectively. Under VH+SM tillage practice, the soil microaggregate (with diameter less than 2μm) content and the total amount of main microbial population were significantly higher than those under CT, indicating that soil physical structure and microbial activity were improved. Hence, the SWC tillage practices were fit for sustainable agricultural development in arid sloping land of red soil in South China. Especially, the combination mode of vetiver grass hedgerows plus straw mulching had outstanding effect on improving soil quality and crop yield.

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鄭海金,楊潔,黃鵬飛,萬(wàn)佳蕾,王凌云,趙佳鼎.覆蓋和草籬對(duì)紅壤坡耕地花生生長(zhǎng)和土壤特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(4):119-126. Zheng Haijin, Yang Jie, Huang Pengfei, Wan Jialei, Wang Lingyun, Zhao Jiading. Effects of Straw Mulching and Vetiver Grass Hedgerows on Peanut Growth and Soil Property in Red Soil Sloping Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):119-126.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-08-12
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2016-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-04-10