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正反轉旋耕后土壤和秸稈位移試驗分析
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Experimental Analysis of Soil and Straw Displacement after Up-cut and Down-cut Rotary Tillage
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    摘要:

    土壤和秸稈在耕作后的位移變化是保護性耕作和秸稈還田重要組成部分。為分析和比較耕作后兩者的位移變化,針對正、反轉旋耕2種作業(yè)方式以及180、230、280r/min 3種轉速設置重復性試驗。試驗中按刀輥軸向布置標記鋁塊和橫、縱向秸稈,運用示蹤法(以點代面)思想,即根據(jù)標記的鋁塊和秸稈前后坐標變化值來代替機具在幅寬范圍內土壤和縱、橫向秸稈的位移變化。將得到的標記點位置進行標定,并在二維CAD中繪制出標記點在二維地表的形態(tài),該形態(tài)與旋耕刀在刀軸上排列相似。2種耕作方式的地表形態(tài)和位移對比分析表明:正轉旋耕的秸稈埋覆率要高于反旋,反轉旋耕破碎率要優(yōu)于正旋;土壤在耕作后分布較均勻,橫、縱向秸稈在正反旋作業(yè)后均出現(xiàn)聚集現(xiàn)象,正旋作業(yè)更為明顯;土壤以及地表秸稈位移反旋作業(yè)大于正旋作業(yè),但隨著機具轉速增加,反旋作業(yè)位移呈遞減,正旋作業(yè)位移呈遞增?;谝陨弦蛩乜紤],可以根據(jù)實際作業(yè)需要來改變耕作方式、轉速以及刀具在刀輥上螺旋線形狀來滿足不同農藝要求。

    Abstract:

    The displacement of soil and straw is an important part of conservation tillage and straw returning to field. To analyze and compare the displacements, field experiments with downcut and upcut rotary tillage were conducted under rotational speeds of 180, 230, 280r/min. The aluminum block and colored straw were labeled and arranged in lines parallel to the rotor axial to measure soil and straw displacement. The original and final positions of soil and straw tracers were drawn in CAD, it is found that the shape of final positions was similar to the arrangement of rotary blades attached to the rotor. The comparison of soil surface morphology and displacements of soil and straw were done with downcut and upcut rotary tillage, and conclusions are drawn as follows: straw burial rate in the downcut rotary tillage was higher than that of upcut rotary tillage, but the soil breakage rate in upcut rotary tillage was higher. The distribution of soil tracers was uniform after tillage; lateral and longitudinal straws appear aggregation phenomenon after two kinds of tillage and downcut rotary tillage was more obvious. The displacements of soil and straw in upcut rotary tillage are better than those of downcut rotary tillage, the displacements in upcut rotary tillage decreased with increasing rotational speed while the displacements in downcut rotary tillage increased with increasing rotational speed. Based on these findings, the operation type, rotational speed and the shape of the arrangement of rotary blades could be adjusted to meet the different requirements in horticulture.

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郭俊,姬長英,方會敏,張慶怡,華風玲,張純.正反轉旋耕后土壤和秸稈位移試驗分析[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(5):21-26. Guo Jun, Ji Changying, Fang Huimin, Zhang Qingyi, Hua Fengling, Zhang Chun. Experimental Analysis of Soil and Straw Displacement after Up-cut and Down-cut Rotary Tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):21-26.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-11-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-05-10