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手推式杭白菊梳齒摘花機結(jié)構(gòu)設計與試驗
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江蘇省自然科學基金項目(BK20140720)和中央高校基本科研業(yè)務費專項基金項目(KYZ201325)


Structure Design and Experiment of Hand-push Chrysanthemum morifolium Comb-teeth Picking Machine
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    摘要:

    針對杭白菊采摘耗費人力、采摘效率低、尚未實現(xiàn)機械化等問題,設計了一種杭白菊梳齒摘花機。該摘花機主要由采花梳齒、帶安裝孔鏈條、鏈輪、傳動軸、分花齒、刷子、箱體、機架、車輪、步進電動機及控制部分等組成。采花梳齒間隙大于花蕾直徑小于胎菊直徑,利用沖擊力將花朵強行摘下。試驗表明,杭白菊梳齒摘花機能夠可靠實現(xiàn)杭白菊花朵的采摘。在花朵含水率為82.5%,杭白菊梳齒摘花機采花梳齒間隙為7.5~9.0mm時,梳齒摘花機采摘效果較佳,花朵落地率為0~4.06%,花朵破碎率為0~1.00%,花朵摘除率為92.43%~98.11%。正交試驗表明,當采花梳齒間隙為8.5mm、分花齒間隙為17mm、喂入深度為200mm、主動軸轉(zhuǎn)速為60r/min時,梳齒摘花機工作狀況較佳,此時,花朵摘除率為97.61%,花朵落地率為0.65%,花朵破碎率為0.03%。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the human cost, low efficiency, nonmechanization and other issues of picking, a Chrysanthemum morifolium combteeth picking machine was designed. The picking machine was mainly composed of combteeth, two chains with installation holes, four sprockets, a driven shaft, separating teeth, a box, a machine frame, four wheels, a stepping motor and control part. The gap between combteeth was larger than the diameter of bud and less than the diameter of tire chrysanthemum. The flowers were forced to take off by the impact. The test showed that Chrysanthemum morifolium combteeth picking machine can take off the Chrysanthemum morifolium flower reliably. The test was done when the flower moisture content was 82.5%. The single test of combteeth gap selected five levels (7.0mm, 7.5mm, 8.0mm, 8.5mm, 9.0mm). The Chrysanthemum morifolium combteeth picking machine worked well at the gap of 7.5~9.0mm. The drop rate was 0~4.06%, the broken rate was 0~100% and the removal rate was 92.43%~98.11%. The orthogonal tests showed the best combination of combteeth gap, separating teeth gap, feeding depth and rotational speed. Four levels were selected such as 7.5mm, 8.0mm, 8.5mm and 9.0mm for combteeth gap. Separating teeth gap included four levels such as 13mm, 15mm, 17mm and 19mm. Four levels (125mm, 150mm, 175mm, 200mm) were chosen for feeding depth. Rotational speed selected four levels such as 30r/min, 40r/min, 50r/min and 60r/min. The test showed that when the combteeth gap was 8.5mm, the separating teeth was 17mm, the feeding depth was 200mm and the rotational speed was 60r/min, Chrysanthemum morifolium combteeth picking machine would work better. The removal rate was 97.61%, the drop rate was 0.65% and the broken rate was 0.03% at this time.

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姬長英,王春香,顧寶興,張 純.手推式杭白菊梳齒摘花機結(jié)構(gòu)設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(7):143-150. Ji Changying, Wang Chunxiang, Gu Baoxing, Zhang Chun. Structure Design and Experiment of Hand-push Chrysanthemum morifolium Comb-teeth Picking Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):143-150.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-02-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-07-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-07-10