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三滾式小區(qū)育種花生脫殼機設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51575367、50775151)和高等學校博士學科點專項科研基金項目(20122103110009)


Design and Experiment of Peanut Sheller with Three Drums for Plot Breeding
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    花生育種研究中存在花生量小但品種多、莢果大小不一的情況,針對人工脫殼效率低而機械脫殼損傷多、脫凈率低等問題,在對典型花生種果物理機械特性研究基礎上,提出了小型3級回轉(zhuǎn)、單排3滾筒并列式脫殼的方案,進行脫殼滾筒、旋轉(zhuǎn)打板以及傳動系統(tǒng)等裝置和部件的結(jié)構設計;脫殼滾筒由同一軸上并排的3個子滾筒組成,可調(diào)節(jié)與凹板篩距離,增減打板個數(shù);氣力清選裝置由離心式風機組成。以小區(qū)育種為目的,選取白沙品種為研究對象,通過正交試驗分析,以滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速、脫殼間隙和打板個數(shù)為試驗因素,損傷率和脫凈率為試驗指標,進行優(yōu)化試驗。結(jié)果表明:滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速為350r/min、脫殼間隙為20mm、打板為3個時,花生脫殼綜合指標最優(yōu),脫凈率為99.15%,損傷率為2.3%,滿足種用花生脫殼要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of small amount but large varieties in peanut, low efficiency of artificial shells, high damage rate and low shelling rate of mechanical shelling in peanut breeding research, a shelling scheme which has threelevel rotary and singlerow threeroll parallel shelling was proposed based on physical and mechanical properties of typical peanut research. The critical components of shelling drum, rotation rod, transmission system were designed, and the peanut sheller prototype was developed. Shelling drum was composed of three subrollers which are sidebyside on the same axis, it was able to adjust the distance from the concave screen, and increase or decrease the number of rods. Pneumatic cleaning device was composed of centrifugal fans. Three parameters, including drum rotating speed, hulling interval and hitting times of rods, were selected as experimental factors, the peanut shelling rate and peanut broken injury rate were selected as experimental indexes. Experimental results indicated that drum rotating speed, hulling interval and hitting times of rods all had influence on peanut shelling rate and peanut broken injure rate. The optimum combination indexes were: drum rotating speed of 350r/min, hulling interval of 20mm and hitting times of rods of 3. The peanut shelling rate was 99.15% and the peanut broken injury rate was 2.3%. The research results can provide a reference for the development of peanut seed sheller.

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高連興,回子健,董華山,徐仲恒,劉志俠,李 華.三滾式小區(qū)育種花生脫殼機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(7):159-165. Gao Lianxing, Hui Zijian, Dong Huashan, Xu Zhongheng, Liu Zhixia, Li Hua. Design and Experiment of Peanut Sheller with Three Drums for Plot Breeding[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):159-165.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-12-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-07-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-07-10