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四子王旗草地修復(fù)試驗(yàn)區(qū)不同修復(fù)模式的抗風(fēng)蝕試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41161045、41361058)和內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(NDTD2013-6)


Tests on Anti-wind Erosion in Different Restoration Modes of Desertification Grassland at Test Zone in Siziwang Banner
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古四子王旗農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)區(qū)的荒漠化草地,用移動(dòng)式風(fēng)蝕風(fēng)洞及相關(guān)配套設(shè)備對(duì)20%蓋度退化草地、40%蓋度帶狀檸條修復(fù)草地和60%蓋度冰草修復(fù)草地進(jìn)行原位測(cè)試,研究它們的近地表風(fēng)沙運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,探索檸條帶狀配置修復(fù)和冰草噴播修復(fù)草地土壤抗風(fēng)蝕的作用機(jī)理和防護(hù)效果,從而為農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)區(qū)荒漠化草地的風(fēng)蝕防治提供技術(shù)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明,在同一風(fēng)速下,草地的粗糙度由大到小依次為檸條修復(fù)草地、冰草修復(fù)草地和退化草地,其中,檸條修復(fù)草地的粗糙度平均值為2.46cm,分別是冰草修復(fù)草地和退化草地平均粗糙度的1.95和2.76倍;隨著距地表高度的降低,3種草地風(fēng)速均呈現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì),當(dāng)風(fēng)洞中心風(fēng)速為9m/s時(shí),檸條修復(fù)草地、冰草修復(fù)草地和退化草地地表在8cm處的風(fēng)速較之64cm處的風(fēng)速分別降低82.23%、66.67%和61.11%。冰草修復(fù)草地與退化草地的輸沙率曲線都是隨高度增加呈指數(shù)函數(shù)形式單調(diào)遞減,冰草修復(fù)草地的曲線衰減更快,而檸條修復(fù)草地的輸沙率最小,其輸沙率在距地表約檸條帶頂部的30cm處出現(xiàn)極大值,在檸條帶頂部以上的輸沙率才會(huì)按指數(shù)規(guī)律遞減。因此,帶狀配置檸條修復(fù)草地對(duì)風(fēng)沙流的阻礙和改變作用差異顯著,在低覆蓋度下仍達(dá)到較好的抗風(fēng)蝕效果。

    Abstract:

    In order to provide technical basis for prevention of desertification grassland in agro-pastoral ecotone in Siziwang banner, Inner Mongolia, the in-situ test was adopted to study the blown sand movement laws and explore the mechanism and protection effect of soil wind erosion for degraded grassland with 20% coverage, repaired grassland with 40% coverage of Caragana korshinskili gapped belt scheme plantation and 60% coverage of Agropyron mongolicum randomly distributed plantation, the movable wind erosion tunnel and its supplement equipment were used. The results indicated that, at the same wind speed in the wind tunel, the descending order of soil surface roughness was C. korshinskili grassland, A. mongolicum grassland and degraded grassland. The average roughness of C. korshinskili grassland was 2.46cm, which was 1.95 times of A. mongolicum grassland and 2.76 times of degraded grassland. With the decrease of height from the ground, all the wind speeds of three grasslands were decreased, and when wind speed was 9m/s in wind tunnel, wind velocities at height of 8cm were reduced by 82.23%, 66.67% and 61.11% for C. korshinskili grassland, A. mongolicum grassland and degraded grassland compared with those at height of 64cm, respectively. The sand transport rate of C. korshinskili grassland was the smallest, and the sand transport rate curves of A. mongolicum grassland and degraded grassland were decayed in the form of exponential function along with the increase of height from ground, and the curve of degraded grassland was decayed faster. Whereas, the sand transport rate curve of C. korshinskili grassland had a maximum value at its top of 30cm, and it was exponentially decayed under its top. Therefore, the C. korshinskili grassland had significant effects on obstructing and changing wind-sand flow, and it could still achieve good anti-erosion effect at low vegetation coverage.

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宣傳忠,陳智,劉海洋,宋濤,薛晶,梁田雨.四子王旗草地修復(fù)試驗(yàn)區(qū)不同修復(fù)模式的抗風(fēng)蝕試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(8):164-170. Xuan Chuanzhong, Chen Zhi, Liu Haiyang, Song Tao, Xue Jing, Liang Tianyu. Tests on Anti-wind Erosion in Different Restoration Modes of Desertification Grassland at Test Zone in Siziwang Banner[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):164-170.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-01-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-08-10