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水氮耦合對滴灌復播油葵氮素吸收與土壤硝態(tài)氮的影響
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2015BAD20B03)、石河子大學高層次人才項目(RCZX201433)和兵團中青年科技創(chuàng)新領軍人才項目(2015BC001)


Effects of Water—Nitrogen Coupling on Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrate Accumulation in Soil of Oil Sunflower in Drip-irrigated Multiple Cropping System
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    摘要:

    為了解新疆北部石河子地區(qū)水氮耦合對滴灌復播油葵的氮素累積、轉運分配與吸收利用及土壤硝態(tài)氮累積動態(tài)的影響,以大田試驗為基礎,結合室內(nèi)試驗,以當?shù)赜涂髟栽缡炱贩N“新葵雜五號”為供試材料,在滴灌條件下進行水氮二因素三水平完全處理小區(qū)試驗。結果表明,不同水氮組合的滴灌復播油葵各器官氮素累積生育前期均以葉片為主,生育后期均以花盤為主。水氮組合對滴灌復播油葵各器官在各生育期對氮素的累積、分配、轉運與吸收利用及油葵產(chǎn)量均具有顯著(p<0.05)或極顯著(p<0.01)的互作效應。適當范圍內(nèi)(施純氮量小于等于232kg/hm2、灌水量小于等于3000m3/hm2)增水增氮可以促進油葵各器官對氮素的有效累積,促進油葵氮素的轉運與吸收利用,達到促進油葵高產(chǎn)的目的。水氮耦合對滴灌復播油葵土壤硝態(tài)氮累積量影響顯著。隨施氮量增加,0~80cm土壤硝態(tài)氮累積量增加;隨灌水量增加,土壤硝態(tài)氮累積量在0~40cm土層降低,在40~80cm土層增加;收獲后,隨灌水量和施氮量增加,土壤硝態(tài)氮相對累積量在40~80cm土層增加,在0~40cm土層降低。結合油葵產(chǎn)量與植株對氮素吸收轉運的表現(xiàn),該試驗最佳花盤全氮增加量為2.16g/株,產(chǎn)量為3597.11kg/hm2,最優(yōu)水氮組合為灌3000m3/hm2,施純氮232kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    In order to understand the effects of water—nitrogen coupling on nitrogen accumulation, transportation and distribution, absorption and utilization, and dynamics of nitrate accumulation in soil of dripirrigation multiple cropping oil sunflower in Shihezi area in the northern Sinkiang, based on field experiment, and combined with laboratory experiment, local early maturing variety “new No.5 hybrid oil sunflower” was taken as test materials, and a threelevel complete treatment plot experiment of two factors of water and nitrogen under drip irrigation was conducted. Results showed that nitrogen accumulations of all organs of dripirrigation multiple cropping oil sunflowers of different water—nitrogen combinations were centered by blades at earlier growth stage and by flower disc at late growth stage. Water—nitrogen combination had prominent (p<0.05) or extremely prominent (p<0.01) interaction effect on accumulation, distribution, transportation, absorption and utilization of nitrogen and production of oil sunflowers of all their organs at each growth stage. Appropriate water and nitrogen augment (pure nitrogen amount no more than 232kg/hm2, irrigation amount no more than 3000m3/hm2) can promote effective nitrogen accumulation of each organ of oil flowers and transportation and utilization of nitrogen of oil sunflowers, thus the goal of high production of oil sunflowers was realized. Water and nitrogen coupling significantly affected the nitrate accumulation in soil. With the increase of nitrogen application, the accumulation amount of nitrate in 0~80cm soil layer was increased; with the increase of irrigation water, the nitrate accumulation of 0~40cm soil layer was decreased, and that of 40~80cm soil layer was increased; after harvest, with the increase of irrigation water and nitrogen application, the relative accumulation of nitrate in 40~80cm soil layer was increased, and that of 0~40cm soil layer was decreased. Combining production of oil sunflowers and performance of plants absorbing and transporting nitrogen, the best nitrogen increase in faceplate was 2.16g/plant and yield was 3597.11kg/hm2,the best water—nitrogen combination of this experiment was irrigated with water of 3000m3/hm2 and irrigation with pure nitrogen of 232kg/hm2. 

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王振華,權麗雙,鄭旭榮,裴磊.水氮耦合對滴灌復播油葵氮素吸收與土壤硝態(tài)氮的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(10):91-100. Wang Zhenhua, Quan Lishuang, Zheng Xurong, Pei Lei. Effects of Water—Nitrogen Coupling on Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrate Accumulation in Soil of Oil Sunflower in Drip-irrigated Multiple Cropping System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(10):91-100.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-10-10
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