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橫坡壟作下土壤濕潤速率對褐土坡面侵蝕特征的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41301292、41571261)


Effect of Soil Wetting Rate on Hillslope Erosion Characteristics of Cinnamon Soil under Contour Ridge Cultivation
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    摘要:

    不同土壤濕潤速率和侵蝕類型下團聚體破碎存在較大差異,進而誘發(fā)坡面侵蝕特征變化。橫坡壟作特有的侵蝕過程可能改變土壤濕潤速率對坡面侵蝕特征的影響效應(yīng)。以褐土橫壟為研究對象,基于室內(nèi)模擬降雨試驗,研究5個土壤濕潤速率下(10、20、30、60、90mm/h)不同侵蝕階段的產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙和團聚體遷移規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,細溝間階段徑流量隨土壤濕潤速率的增大而增加,而細溝階段不同土壤濕潤速率間的徑流量無顯著差異。2個階段內(nèi),侵蝕量均隨土壤濕潤速率的增大而增加,與土壤濕潤速率10mm/h相比,20、30、60、90mm/h速率下的侵蝕量分別顯著增加25.16%~115.51%、95.02%~144.34%、151.03%~164.49%、249.42%~398.91%。細溝間階段,土壤濕潤速率的變化僅改變了產(chǎn)沙過程,而細溝階段產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙過程均隨土壤濕潤速率發(fā)生了改變。主要遷移粒級—微團聚體流失所增加的細溝間和細溝侵蝕階段分別主要來自2~5mm和0.25~0.5mm團聚體的破碎,而相應(yīng)控制這2個粒級破碎的關(guān)鍵土壤濕潤速率分別為20mm/h和10mm/h。不同階段下遷移團聚體平均重量直徑由大到小依次為細溝階段、濕潤處理后、細溝間階段。

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    The difference in collapse of soil aggregate among soil wetting rates and erosion types would induce variation of hillsope erosion processes. The unique erosion characteristic of a contour ridge system may change effect of soil wetting rate on erosion processes. Simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to evaluate the characteristic of runoff, sediment yielding, and soil aggregate transport under five soil wetting rates (10mm/h, 20mm/h, 30mm/h, 60mm/h and 90mm/h) for cinnamon soil in a contour ridge system at different stages of erosion. The result showed that runoff was increased with the increase of soil wetting rate during interrill stage, but no significant difference was observed among soil wetting rates at rill stage. For sediment yield, it was enhanced gradually when soil wetting rate was increasingly shifted from 10mm/h to 90mm/h during both interrill and rill stages. Compared with 10mm/h soil wetting rate, sediment yield from 20mm/h, 30mm/h, 60mm/h and 90mm/h were significantly increased by 25.16%~115.51%, 95.02%~144.34%, 151.03%~164.49% and 249.42%~398.91%, respectively. The variation of soil wetting rate only changed process of runoff yielding at interrill stage, while it altered runoff and sediment yielding processes at rill stage. The transport of micro-aggregate, which was the chief lost size, was mainly from breakdown of 2~5mm and 0.25~0.5mm at interrill and rill stages, and critical wetting rate thresholds of 20mm/h and 10mm/h controlled the collapse of 2~5mm and 0.25~0.5mm size, respectively. The mean weight diameter for the transport of soil aggregate at different stages from large to small was in order of rill stage, undergoing wetting stage and inter-rill stage.

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安娟,劉前進,吳希媛.橫坡壟作下土壤濕潤速率對褐土坡面侵蝕特征的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2016,47(10):101-107. An Juan, Liu Qianjin, Wu Xiyuan. Effect of Soil Wetting Rate on Hillslope Erosion Characteristics of Cinnamon Soil under Contour Ridge Cultivation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(10):101-107.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-04-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-10-10
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