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哈爾濱市一次降雪過程多環(huán)芳烴的污染特征研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41401550、51279031)、黑龍江省杰出青年基金項(xiàng)目(JC201402)、黑龍江省青年基金項(xiàng)目(QC2016054)、黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(E201241)、黑龍江省博士后基金項(xiàng)目(LBH—Z13029)和東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)青年才俊基金項(xiàng)目(14QC49)


Pollution Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Snowfall Process in Harbin City
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    摘要:

    為研究我國高寒地區(qū)典型城市降雪中多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)的污染水平及空間分布特征,根據(jù)哈爾濱市不同功能區(qū)域劃分,共布設(shè)9個采樣點(diǎn)進(jìn)行降雪樣品的采集,并利用GC—MS測定PAHs的濃度。結(jié)果表明,哈爾濱市降雪中16種PAHs的總質(zhì)量濃度范圍為33.2~2306.6ng/dL,平均質(zhì)量濃度為1144.38ng/dL,PAHs質(zhì)量濃度具有明顯的功能區(qū)域差異,其空間分布體現(xiàn)為:農(nóng)村1724.1ng/dL,商業(yè)交通混合區(qū)1662.6ng/dL,市區(qū)公園832.0ng/dL,居民區(qū)528.6ng/dL和郊區(qū)33.2ng/dL,農(nóng)村和商業(yè)交通混合區(qū)PAHs的濃度約為郊區(qū)的50倍,其中污染源和大氣擴(kuò)散條件是影響降雪中PAHs濃度呈現(xiàn)區(qū)域化差異的主要原因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)3~4環(huán)PAHs含量相對較高,約占PAHs總濃度的66.8%~77.3%,PAHs的單體含量也存在較大差異,其中菲(Phe)的含量在所有單體中最高。降雪樣品中2環(huán)PAHs處于強(qiáng)變異,而其他環(huán)數(shù)PAHs則表現(xiàn)為中等變異,污染來源與理化性質(zhì)的不同均可能會造成PAHs的空間異質(zhì)。結(jié)合比值法和因子分析法,初步判定哈爾濱市降雪中PAHs主要來源為煤和生物質(zhì)的燃燒,以及汽車尾氣排放等。

    Abstract:

    The pollution level and spatial distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in snowfall of typical city of the alpine region of China were investigated. According to different functions, nine snowfall sampling points were collected in Harbin, and concentration of PAHs was measured by GC—MS. The results demonstrated that the concentration of 16 kinds of PAHs was ranged from 33.2ng/dL to 2306.6ng/dL in Harbin snowfall, the average concentration was 1144.38ng/dL. The concentration of PAHs had obvious regional difference in different functional areas, its spatial distribution showed that the concentration in rural was 1724.1ng/dL, in commercialtraffic area was 1662.6ng/dL, in city park was 832.0ng/dL, in residence community was 528.6ng/dL and that in suburb was 33.2ng/dL, the concentration in rural and commercialtraffic area was about 50 times lager than that in suburb. Pollution sources and atmospheric diffusion conditions were the major reasons for regional difference of PAHs concentration in snowfall. It was found that the 3~4 rings PAHs content was relatively higher, which accounted for 66.8%~77.3% of total PAHs concentration. The monomer content of PAHs was also quite different, and phenanthrene (Phe) was the highest in all the monomer. In snowfall samples, the 2 ring PAHs was in strong variation, while the other ring PAHs was in moderate variation, pollution sources and physical and chemical properties might be expected to result in existence of PAHs spatial heterogeneity characteristic. Diagnostic ratio and factor analysis method were adopted to analyze the data, preliminary results showed that the source of PAHs in Harbin snowfall were coal and biofuel combustion and automobile emissions. The research results would provide reference and scientific basis for numerical simulation of secondary emission of PAHs during snow melting process, snowmelt runoff numerical simulation and formulation of environmental pollution control measures and its management policies.

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付強(qiáng),劉毅鑫,崔嵩,李天霄,李一凡,李文龍.哈爾濱市一次降雪過程多環(huán)芳烴的污染特征研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2016,47(10):164-171. Fu Qiang, Liu Yixin, Cui Song, Li Tianxiao, Li Yifan, Li Wenlong. Pollution Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Snowfall Process in Harbin City[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(10):164-171.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-10-10
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