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外源砷在石灰性土壤中的形態(tài)與土壤酶活性研究
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國家自然科學基金項目(41205085)和國家人事部留學回國人員研究項目(2009LX002)


Form and Soil Enzyme Activities of Exogenous Arsenic in Calcareous Soil
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    摘要:

    通過設置不同價態(tài)(五價砷As(Ⅴ)、三價砷As(Ⅲ))、不同濃度梯度砷(0、10、20、50、100、180、280、450、800mg/kg)的室內(nèi)模擬試驗,研究了As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)在石灰性土壤中的化學形態(tài)特征及其與5種土壤酶(過氧化氫酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白酶、堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶)活性間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:隨著外源砷添加量的增加,土壤中交換態(tài)砷AE-As含量增加,而鈣型砷Ca-As、鐵型砷Fe-As、鋁型砷Al-As含量有減少趨勢,且主要以Ca-As存在。土壤酶活性則表現(xiàn)為:2種價態(tài)的砷對過氧化氫酶的活性均表現(xiàn)為抑制作用,抑制率高達57.4%。As(Ⅴ)對多酚氧化酶活性表現(xiàn)為明顯的激活作用,As(Ⅲ)對多酚氧化酶有抑制作用。As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)對堿性磷酸酶的活性影響表現(xiàn)為“低砷促進,高砷抑制”。通過對砷的各化學形態(tài)和土壤酶活性的非線性分析表明:在As(Ⅴ)處理試驗中,AE-As對蔗糖酶有顯著的刺激作用,其生態(tài)毒性也最強(ED50為17.97mg/kg)。故在北方石灰性污染土壤中,把交換態(tài)As與蔗糖酶活性共同作為評價土壤As污染程度的主要生化指標是可行的。通過主成分分析可發(fā)現(xiàn),當As(Ⅴ)的濃度達到50mg/kg、As(Ⅲ)的濃度達10mg/kg時,土壤微生物的功能結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化,50mg/kg和10mg/kg可作為As(Ⅴ) 、As(Ⅲ)對土壤微生物學性質(zhì)影響的臨界值。

    Abstract:

    In this paper, a different valence states(As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ)) and different concentrations (0mg/kg,10mg/kg,20mg/kg,50mg/kg,100mg/kg, 180mg/kg,280mg/kg,450mg/kg and 800mg/kg) of arsenic simulated experiment was set up to study the relationship between characteristics of chemical forms of arsenic and five soil enzyme activities(calatase, polyphenol oxidize, protease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase). Results indicated that AE-As concentration was increased and Ca-As, Fe-As and Al-As concentrations were decreased with the increase of the added amounts of both As(Ⅴ)〖JP〗 and As(Ⅲ). Meanwhile, calcium bound As(Ca-As) occupied the biggest proportion in the total. Soil enzyme activity was characterized by: two valence states of arsenic on the activity of catalase were characterized by inhibition, and inhibition rate was as high as 57.4%. As(Ⅴ) showed the obvious activity of polyphenol oxidase activation, but the As(Ⅲ) had inhibitory effect on polyphenol oxidase. As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) had effect on the activity of alkaline phosphatase of “l(fā)ow arsenic promotes, high arsenic suppression”. The chemical speciation of arsenic and nonlinear analysis indicated that AE - As had a significant stimulus for sucrase in As(Ⅴ) processing, and its ecological toxicity was the strongest (ED50 was 17.97mg/kg). So for calcareous soil pollution in the north, taking the exchange state As and invertase activity as the main indexes of evaluation was feasible. Through principal component analysis, when the concentration of As(Ⅴ) was up to 50mg/kg, and the concentration of As(Ⅲ) was 10mg/kg, the function of soil microbial structure was changed. The two concentrations can be used as the critical values for affecting soil microbiology properties.

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王進,楊明鳳,褚貴新.外源砷在石灰性土壤中的形態(tài)與土壤酶活性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(11):179-184. Wang Jin, Yang Mingfeng, Chu Guixin. Form and Soil Enzyme Activities of Exogenous Arsenic in Calcareous Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):179-184.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-04-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-11-10
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