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多級干濕循環(huán)對農(nóng)田土壤干縮裂縫演變特征的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51579069、51179050)、江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項目(YS11001)和高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計劃(111計劃)項目(B12032)


Effects of Dry—Wet Cycles on Evolution Characteristics of Farmland Soil Desiccation Cracks
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    摘要:

    為研究多級干濕循環(huán)條件下農(nóng)田土壤干縮裂縫的演變特征,在室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)對裂縫幾何形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計與定量分析。結(jié)果表明,干濕循環(huán)后,土壤開裂位置不變,增濕過程中裂縫閉合規(guī)律也大致相似,但干燥初期裂縫開裂規(guī)律受第1級干濕循環(huán)影響明顯。第1級干濕循環(huán)后,裂縫面積率在含水率為20%~30%時增速降低,約90%的裂縫長度發(fā)育集中在含水率大于30%時,連通性指數(shù)在含水率大于14%時近似勻速增大。隨著干濕循環(huán)級數(shù)的增加,土壤開裂含水率逐漸減小,而干縮穩(wěn)定時裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性有所增強(qiáng),但裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)形態(tài)大致相似,裂縫總長也保持穩(wěn)定。此外,裂縫寬度與土壤開裂程度均呈遞減趨勢,且各裂縫的寬度逐漸趨向統(tǒng)一,將對裂縫優(yōu)先流有所遏制,有利于土壤水分的均勻入滲。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to investigate the evolution characteristics of soil desiccation cracks with multiple dry—wet cycles, laboratory tests were carried out to quantitatively analyze the geometric and morphological characteristics of cracks. It indicated that the soil was cracked at the same position during each dry—wet cycle, and behaved a similar crack closure law. The crack ratio was decreased slowly before moisture content was increased to 12%, and decreased rapidly when moisture content reached 18%, while it was remained stable when moisture content was between 12% and 18%. Both the crack length density and connectivity index were decreased quickly after got a critical moisture content, which was reduced with the increase of dry—wet cycles, respectively, and kept constant before that. However, the initial cracking law was greatly affected by the first dry—wet cycle. Since the second cycle, the acceleration of crack ratio was decreased when the moisture content was changed from 30% to 20%, and about 90% of the crack was developed before moisture content reduced to 30%, and the connectivity index was increased at a constant speed when moisture content was larger than 14%. When the dry—wet cycles were increased, it can be concluded that: the crack morphology and length were kept stable;the cracking moisture content was reduced and the connectivity of crack network was enhanced, but there were no obvious differences;the average crack width and stable crack ratio were decreased gradually, and the average width tended to be the same, which weakened the crack preferential. The research result has practical guiding for cracked soil irrigation.

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張展羽,李文杰,王策,陳于,范世敏.多級干濕循環(huán)對農(nóng)田土壤干縮裂縫演變特征的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2016,47(12):172-177,252. Zhang Zhanyu, Li Wenjie, Wang Ce, Chen Yu, Fan Shimin. Effects of Dry—Wet Cycles on Evolution Characteristics of Farmland Soil Desiccation Cracks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):172-177,252.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-12-10
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