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生物炭對雞糞好氧堆肥主要氮素形態(tài)含量影響與保氮機制
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教育部新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才支持計劃項目(NCET—12—0524)和國家國際科技合作專項(2015DFA90370)


Impacts of Biochar on Major Forms Contents and Conservation Mechanism of Nitrogen during Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure
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    生物炭對雞糞好氧堆肥過程氮素形態(tài)含量影響及保氮機制的研究對有害氣體減排、氮素減損控制以及好氧堆肥工藝的深度優(yōu)化具有重要意義。以雞糞和麥秸為主要原料,通過添加適量生物炭,利用實驗室智能型好氧堆肥反應(yīng)器系統(tǒng)進行了好氧堆肥試驗?;讷@取的主要理化、生物學(xué)指標(biāo)以及氮素存在形態(tài)動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合掃描電鏡和主要種類微生物數(shù)量動態(tài)變化分析,研究了好氧堆肥過程主要氮素形態(tài)含量變化并初步闡釋了生物炭保氮機制。研究結(jié)果表明:添加生物炭有利于雞糞好氧堆肥過程氨氣減排和減少氮素?fù)p失;堆肥過程氨氣排放量與銨態(tài)氮濃度和硝態(tài)氮濃度分別呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.783,p=0.037<0.05)和高度顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.941,p=0.017<0.05)。生物炭多孔結(jié)構(gòu)能有效吸附銨態(tài)氮和氨氣等氮素物質(zhì),降低堆體銨態(tài)氮濃度,進而減少氨氣揮發(fā);生物炭能為硝化細(xì)菌等微生物群落提供適宜的環(huán)境,有利于促進硝化反應(yīng)并抑制氨氣揮發(fā)。

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    It is of great significance to investigate the impacts of biochar on the quantity of major nitrogen forms and conservation mechanism of nitrogen during aerobic composting of chicken manure, which could provide some theoretical supports for future study on NH3 emission, nitrogen loss, and composting process optimization. Chicken manure and wheat straw were used as primary materials, and proper amount of biochar was added to conduct aerobic composting with an intelligent aerobic composting reactor system. Based on the physicochemical and biological indicators and dynamic data of major nitrogen forms, combined with analysis of scanning electron microscopy and the quantity variation of main microbial communities, the quantity variation of major nitrogen forms was studied and the conservation mechanism of nitrogen was illustrated. Conclusions were drawn as follows: adding proper amount of biochar could yield less NH3 emission and nitrogen loss;there were significant positive correlation between NH+4-N concentration and NH3 emission (r=0.783, p=0.037<0.05). There were highly significant negative correlation between NO-3-N concentrationand NH3 emission (r=-0.941, p=0.017<0.05). The results showed that cellular structure of biochar could effectively adsorb various nitrogen such as NH3 and NH+4-N, reduce NH+4-N concentration in the pile, and thus reduce the NH3 emission effectively. In addition, biochar could provide appropriate refuge for nitrifying bacteria, promote the nitration reaction, and then inhibit NH3 volatilization.

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劉寧,周嘉良,馬雙雙,韓魯佳,黃光群.生物炭對雞糞好氧堆肥主要氮素形態(tài)含量影響與保氮機制[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2016,47(12):233-239. Liu Ning, Zhou Jialiang, Ma Shuangshuang, Han Lujia, Huang Guangqun. Impacts of Biochar on Major Forms Contents and Conservation Mechanism of Nitrogen during Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):233-239.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-09-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-12-10
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