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指夾式玉米精量排種器導(dǎo)種投送運(yùn)移機(jī)理分析與試驗(yàn)
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“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAD06B04)


Analysis and Experiment of Guiding and Dropping Migratory Mechanism on Pickup Finger Precision Seed Metering Device for Corn
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    摘要:

    為研究指夾式玉米精量排種器籽粒投送運(yùn)移規(guī)律,提高排種器導(dǎo)種性能,建立了導(dǎo)種投送過(guò)程的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,分析了各因素對(duì)運(yùn)移穩(wěn)定性及投送落種軌跡的影響。采用多因素二次通用旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)研究了工作轉(zhuǎn)速和傾斜角對(duì)排種均勻穩(wěn)定性的影響,運(yùn)用Design—Expert 6.0.10軟件對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析得到其最佳工作條件。在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用鏡面反射成像原理,搭建了排種軌跡測(cè)定試驗(yàn)臺(tái),結(jié)合高速攝像與圖像目標(biāo)追蹤技術(shù)對(duì)落種籽粒軌跡運(yùn)移規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在工作轉(zhuǎn)速為15~45r/min、傾斜角為0°工況下,籽粒正面軌跡及側(cè)面軌跡的水平位移隨工作轉(zhuǎn)速增加而增加,株距變異系數(shù)隨工作轉(zhuǎn)速增加而降低;當(dāng)工作轉(zhuǎn)速大于35r/min時(shí),籽粒軌跡及落點(diǎn)位置分布逐漸離散,株距變異系數(shù)明顯增加,其正面水平位移穩(wěn)定在12.9~14.3mm內(nèi),側(cè)面水平位移穩(wěn)定在3.7~4.8mm內(nèi),平均株距變異系數(shù)為15.13%。在工作轉(zhuǎn)速為30r/min、傾斜角為-12°~12°工況下,軌跡投種角隨傾斜角的增加而減小,其整體角度穩(wěn)定在66.4°~79.6°內(nèi)。該研究為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)指夾式玉米精量排種器關(guān)鍵部件及配套導(dǎo)種管提供了參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the guiding migration performance of pickup finger precision seed metering device, the steady migratory mechanism of guiding-seed system was studied. The kinematics and dynamics models of guiding-seed and dropping-seed processes were established based on its working principle. The influences of various factors on dropping trajectory and migration stability were analyzed. The quadratic general rotary unitized design was carried out by taking the rotational speed of seed meter and tilt angle as experiment factors, and the seeding qualified index and variation coefficient as experiment indexes. Based on experimental data, a mathematical model was built by using the Design—Expert 6.0.10 software, and the experiment factors were optimized, the best combination was achieved. On this basis, a kind of dropping trajectory measuring test platform was designed and built based on the theory of mirror reflection. And then the three-dimensional space velocities of the falling corn were measured and analyzed by high-speed photography and target tracking technology. The single factor tests for factors, including rotational speed and tilt angle, were carried out and the corresponding regression equations were obtained by analysis. Experimental results showed that when the rotational speed was between 15r/min and 45r/min and the tilt angle was 0°, the horizontal displacements of trajectories of frontal and profile dropping seed were increased with the increase of rotational speed and the variation coefficient of seeding was decreased with the increase of rotational speed. As the rotational speed was greater than 35r/min, the trajectories and landing positions of corn grains were gradually discrete and the variation coefficient of seeding was significantly increased, and its horizontal displacements of frontal trajectory were stabilized within the range of 12.9~14.3mm, the horizontal displacements of profile trajectory were stabilized within the range of 3.7~4.8mm, and the average variation coefficient was 15.13%. The dropping seed angle was decreased with the increase of tilt angle at rotational speed of 30r/min and tilt angle of -12°~12°. The results can provide guidance and direction for the research of mechanical precision seed metering device and its seed tube.

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王金武,唐漢,王金峰,沈紅光,馮鑫,黃會(huì)男.指夾式玉米精量排種器導(dǎo)種投送運(yùn)移機(jī)理分析與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(1):29-37,46. WANG Jinwu, TANG Han, WANG Jinfeng, SHEN Hongguang, FENG Xin, HUANG Huinan. Analysis and Experiment of Guiding and Dropping Migratory Mechanism on Pickup Finger Precision Seed Metering Device for Corn[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(1):29-37,46.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-09-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-01-10
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