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蔬菜自動嫁接技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析
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國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃(863計劃)項目(2012AA10A506)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701901)


Development Status and Analysis of Automatic Grafting Technology for Vegetables
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    摘要:

    嫁接在提高作物抗病能力、生長速度、單位產(chǎn)量,減少施肥、施藥等方面具有積極作用,是多類蔬菜大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的重要環(huán)節(jié),而自動化嫁接能夠有效提高嫁接效率和嫁接苗成活率,正在成為蔬菜商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的剛性需求。本文對中國、日本、荷蘭、西班牙、意大利等國蔬菜自動嫁接技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展動態(tài)進(jìn)行了分析;歸納出5項蔬菜自動化嫁接關(guān)鍵技術(shù):幼苗機械化抓取技術(shù),幼苗自動輸送技術(shù),砧、穗木切削技術(shù),砧、穗木接合固定技術(shù),自動嫁接系統(tǒng)控制技術(shù),并逐一進(jìn)行了闡述;最后對目前本領(lǐng)域的研究特點和發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和展望,認(rèn)為蔬菜嫁接自動化程度將進(jìn)一步提高,單機嫁接規(guī)模將進(jìn)一步擴大,農(nóng)藝、人工智能、人因工程等間接因素將為自動嫁接機未來的性能提升帶來助力。

    Abstract:

    For grafting brings various advantages to plants, such as enhancing the disease resistance, speeding the growth, increasing production of per unit and reducing chemical application, it is a crucial step in large-scale vegetable production. Furthermore, automatic grafting by machine can effectively improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings and the working efficiency, which makes this kind of technology a rigid demand in vegetables’ commercial production. At present, global research within the field of automatic grafting and related robotic technologies has been carried out for years. The recent developments and the key technologies were systematically analyzed based on studying information in both academic and commercial fields. And five kinds of key technologies were brought forward, which were seeding mechanical grabbing technology, seeding romanticized delivering technology, stock/scion cutting technology, stock/scion joining technology and controlling technology for the grafting system. Moreover, the conclusion and prospection for the worldwide automatic grafting technologies were provided from three aspects: firstly, the level of the automation for grafting machines would make a further progress in the near future; secondly, the amount of the plants that a single grafting machine can process was supposed to increase; thirdly, the state of the art technologies in relationed fields, such as agronomy, ergonomie and artificial intelligence, would promote the grafting machines’ performance more in the future.

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張凱良,褚佳,張鐵中,尹權(quán),孔艷山,劉展.蔬菜自動嫁接技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2017,48(3):1-13. ZHANG Kailiang, CHU Jia, ZHANG Tiezhong, YIN Quan, KONG Yanshan, LIU Zhan. Development Status and Analysis of Automatic Grafting Technology for Vegetables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):1-13.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-12-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-03-10
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