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干縮開裂黃褐土非飽和水平吸滲特征研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51579069、51179050)、高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計劃(111計劃)項目(B12032)、江西省水利科技項目(KT201507)和江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項目(YS11001)


Characteristics of Unsaturated Horizontal Infiltration in Desiccation Cracks Yellow Cinnamon Soil
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    摘要:

    通過室內(nèi)水平吸滲試驗,結(jié)合Matlab數(shù)字圖像處理與形態(tài)學(xué)算法,在黃褐土土壤中添加秸稈模擬不同生長期作物根系密度,對干縮開裂黃褐土中的非飽和水平吸滲及濕潤鋒推移特征進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明:不同秸稈密度處理裂縫穩(wěn)定形態(tài)面積密度和裂縫平均寬度差異顯著(p<0.05),當(dāng)秸稈密度由0cm/cm3增加到1.5cm/cm3時裂縫面積密度和裂縫平均寬度分別減小為1.73%、0.071cm,隨著秸稈密度增大土壤穩(wěn)定形態(tài)裂縫面積密度與裂縫平均寬度顯著減小。秸稈添加間接影響入滲過程歷時,但土壤最終累積入滲量無顯著差異。裂縫的存在導(dǎo)致入滲率發(fā)生波動現(xiàn)象,且在入滲前中期尤為明顯;未開裂土和開裂土累積入滲量隨時間的變化關(guān)系均符合Kostiakov經(jīng)驗入滲模型,其經(jīng)驗參數(shù)與秸稈密度有關(guān),擬合方程達(dá)到顯著水平。引入濕潤鋒均勻系數(shù)對水平吸滲不均勻性進(jìn)行評價,土壤裂縫面積密度及裂縫平均寬度越大入滲初期的水分不均勻性特征越明顯,均勻系數(shù)隨著時間推移逐漸減小;根據(jù)濕潤鋒推進(jìn)速率隨時間的變化特征,開裂黃褐土土壤的水平吸滲過程可以分為3個階段,即初始裂隙流階段、穩(wěn)滲基質(zhì)流階段和吸滲末期階段。

    Abstract:

    An indoor experiment was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the unsaturated horizontal infiltration and wetting front advance in cracked yellow cinnamon soil, by incorporating different densities of straws to simulate the different growth stages of crop root, combined with digital image processing and Matlab morphology algorithm. The results showed that the stable forms of soil crack were significantly different in treatments of different straw incorporations(p<0.05). A downward trend in crack area ratio and crack width (respectively decreased to 1.73% and 0.071cm) was observed with the increasing straw incorporation from 0cm/cm3 to 1.5cm/cm3. Fracture area density and the average crack width of soil stable forms were significantly decreased with straw density increased. The discharge time of horizontal infiltration was affected by the degree of soil cracking. Cumulative infiltration into uncracked soil and cracking soil changed with time was in line with the empirical model proposed by Kostiakov, the parameters of which were closely related to straw densities. The changes of fitting equation reached significant level. The uniformity coefficient of the wetting front was introduced to evaluate the non-uniformity of the horizontal absorption. The initial nonuniformity was more obvious with the increase of soil crack area density and average crack width. The uniformity coefficient was decreased with time. The greater the crack area and the average crack width of soil were, the more obvious the characteristics of nonuniformity in initial stage of infiltration became. According to the changing characteristics of the wetting front forward speed changed with time, the horizontal infiltration process in cracked soils can be divided into three stages: the initial stage of crack flow, the stage of steady matrix flow and the late stage of horizontal infiltration.

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張展羽,范世敏,王策,劉陽,齊偉.干縮開裂黃褐土非飽和水平吸滲特征研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(7):214-221. ZHANG Zhanyu, FAN Shimin, WANG Ce, LIU Yang, QI Wei. Characteristics of Unsaturated Horizontal Infiltration in Desiccation Cracks Yellow Cinnamon Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):214-221.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-04-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-07-10
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