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基于無人機(jī)影像匹配點云的苗圃單木冠層三維分割
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFB0504202)和福建省科技計劃重點項目(2015H0015)


3D Segmentation of Individual Tree Canopy in Forest Nursery Based on Drone Image-matching Point Cloud
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    摘要:

    近年來較多的樹冠提取算法以激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),然而激光點云數(shù)據(jù)量大、冗余多而且采集成本高。本文基于無人機(jī)影像匹配點云提取單木樹冠輪廓,研究一種成本可控、能夠補(bǔ)充甚至部分替代激光雷達(dá)的小范圍森林制圖方案。以福建省三明市某林場內(nèi)苗圃地作為研究對象,在稠密的無人機(jī)影像匹配點云中截取2個25m×25m的樣地作為測試樣本。預(yù)處理后,首先構(gòu)建植被冠層高度模型,以局部最大值法探測樹冠位置并標(biāo)記為種子點;從這些種子點形成的初始區(qū)域開始生長,迭代計算直到全部的影像匹配點云歸并完畢;最后,將算法提取的樹冠輪廓導(dǎo)入ArcGIS中獲取樹冠輪廓矢量邊界,并與手繪參考樹冠疊加,利用F測度實現(xiàn)精度的評定。依此方案,在2個林分范圍內(nèi)的樹冠提取F測度均達(dá)到了89%以上,單木冠幅提取的誤差在0.14m以內(nèi)。結(jié)果表明,該方案簡單有效、精度可靠,適用于小范圍、高精度的植被制圖。

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    Over the last decade point cloud derived from laser scanner has become the mainstream of the individual tree canopy extraction research. However, the high cost of airborne laser scanning acquisition makes it unsuitable for repeated surveys and small-scale forest mappings. Individual tree canopy was extracted from unmanned aerial vehicle images matching point cloud, aiming to provide a cost-effective method which can complement or even partly replace LiDAR forest mapping in small area. Choosing young Osmanthus and Podocarpus trees growing in a nursery as the study objects, the method was tested in two samples of images matching point cloud. An inexpensive commercial off-the-shelter drone with built-in camera was used to acquire overlapping nadir-viewing images. These images were then used to generate dense point cloud in photogrammetry software. After preprocessing, canopy height model was firstly built from the point cloud;a local maximum filter was applied to detect the canopy positions and marked as the seed points;then the initial area of regional growth can be formed from these seeds;in an iterative calculation process of all image matching points were classified. The canopy contours extracted by the algorithm were inputted into ArcGIS to obtain canopy contour vectors, and were validated by comparing with the manually drawn individual tree crown polygon (reference crown). The F score of segmentation results was higher than 89%, and the errors of individual tree crown diameter extraction results were less than 0.14m (root mean square error) in both sample plots.

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陳崇成,李旭,黃洪宇.基于無人機(jī)影像匹配點云的苗圃單木冠層三維分割[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2018,49(2):149-155,206. CHEN Chongcheng, LI Xu, HUANG Hongyu.3D Segmentation of Individual Tree Canopy in Forest Nursery Based on Drone Image-matching Point Cloud[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):149-155,206.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-11-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-02-10
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