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平原區(qū)耕作單元地塊細(xì)碎化對(duì)小麥機(jī)收效率的影響分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41401193)和北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)專項(xiàng)(KJCX20170501)


Effects of Fragmentation of Cultivated Land Unit on Mechanical Harvesting Efficiency of Wheat in Plain Area
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    摘要:

    平原區(qū)耕作單元地塊細(xì)碎化是影響小麥機(jī)收效率的重要因素。以河北省定州市韓家莊村為例,從分析平原區(qū)耕作單元地塊的細(xì)碎化特征入手,定量評(píng)估了地塊面積對(duì)小麥機(jī)收效率的影響程度,在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了耕作單元地塊合并后小麥機(jī)收效率的提升狀況。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):平原區(qū)耕地以權(quán)屬細(xì)碎化為主,耕作單元地塊面積小且分散,地塊總體狹長(zhǎng),目前不適合大型農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè);小麥機(jī)收效率受耕地面積影響較大,小麥機(jī)收的總作業(yè)效率、純作業(yè)效率均隨著耕地面積的增加而增加,總作業(yè)效率理論上可以達(dá)到0.4301s/m2,純作業(yè)效率理論上可以達(dá)到0.3049s/m2;平原區(qū)開(kāi)展土地整治時(shí),建議切實(shí)推行耕作單元地塊權(quán)屬調(diào)整及耕地流轉(zhuǎn),使耕地連片面積達(dá)到一定規(guī)模,可以明顯提高小麥機(jī)收效率。

    Abstract:

    In the plain area, the fragmentation of the cultivated land unit is an important factor affecting the mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat. Taking Dingzhou City in Hebei Province as an example, the fragmentation characteristics of cultivated land unit and the quantitative evaluation of mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat were analyzed, and then the scenario mechanical harvesting efficiency of cultivated land unit after land merger was analyzed. It was found that the cultivated land unit in plain area was small and scattered,the plot was long and narrow, the ratio of length to width range was relatively large, which was not suitable for large-scale agricultural development work. The mechanical harvesting efficiency of cultivated land area affected the total work efficiency and work efficiency was increased with the increase of areas of arable land and land consolidation, the total operating efficiency can reach 0.4301s/m2 in theory, and the efficiency can reach 0.3049s/m2. When the cultivation unit of land area reached 8500m2, the mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat would get into full play. The total operation time and pure working time would be reduced by 38.64% and 43.11% after parcel union, respectively. The plain area should be carried out cultivation unit of land ownership adjustment and land circulation on a large scale, the contiguous area of cultivated land reached a certain scale, which can effectively improve the mechanical harvesting efficiency of wheat, and reduce the unloading time and other time. The research can provide theoretical support for land consolidation in plain area.

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劉玉,劉巧芹,唐秀美,任艷敏,孫超,唐林楠.平原區(qū)耕作單元地塊細(xì)碎化對(duì)小麥機(jī)收效率的影響分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(2):225-231. LIU Yu, LIU Qiaoqin, TANG Xiumei, REN Yanmin, SUN Chao, TANG Linnan. Effects of Fragmentation of Cultivated Land Unit on Mechanical Harvesting Efficiency of Wheat in Plain Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):225-231.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-07-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-02-10
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