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土地利用方式變化對(duì)水循環(huán)過(guò)程響應(yīng)機(jī)制研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51109036、51408107)、中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2013M541332)、黑龍江省水利廳科研開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目(201318、201404)和東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目(2012RCB57)


Mechanism of Response of Land Use Change to Water Cycle Process
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    摘要:

    以撓力河流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū),利用1990年和2013年土地利用類型,結(jié)合基于格子玻爾茲曼方法(LBM)的TOPMODEL模型定量評(píng)價(jià)了土地利用方式變化對(duì)水循環(huán)時(shí)空變化過(guò)程的影響。結(jié)果表明:基于LBM法的TOPMODEL模型可以很好模擬撓力河流域降雨徑流水循環(huán)過(guò)程,對(duì)研究區(qū)具有較高的適用性;研究區(qū)林地、草地和建設(shè)用地面積變化不大,對(duì)于土地結(jié)構(gòu)變化貢獻(xiàn)比較小,而未利用地和旱田部分轉(zhuǎn)為水田對(duì)土地結(jié)構(gòu)變化貢獻(xiàn)大;由于種植水田,導(dǎo)致5月到10月間的流域總蒸散發(fā)量增加、根系區(qū)缺水量減少、非飽和帶缺水量減少、地表水量減少、地下水量增加;蒸散發(fā)增幅達(dá)8.9%,根系區(qū)缺水量降幅達(dá)10.5%,地表水量減少達(dá)43%;水田對(duì)水文情勢(shì)影響的差異主要體現(xiàn)在水稻生育期的差異上,分蘗期對(duì)蒸散發(fā)量、根系區(qū)缺水量和非飽和帶缺水量影響較大;水田灌溉對(duì)水循環(huán)過(guò)程的影響按變化幅度從大到小的順序?yàn)榉秋柡蛶彼?、根系缺水量、蒸散發(fā)量、入根系區(qū)水量、出根系區(qū)水量和地下徑流量,其中入根系區(qū)水量差值和出根系區(qū)水量差值接近。

    Abstract:

    Based on the farmland distribution maps of Naolihe River Basin in 1990 and 2013, the influences of paddy farmland and cultivation activity on temporal and spatial variation of water cycle process were analyzed quantitatively, combining with TOPMODEL model based on LBM method. Results showed that TOPMODEL model based on LBM method could simulate well the rainfall runoff process of Naolihe River Basin, and it had a high applicability on the investigated river basin. The area of forest land, grassland and construction land was not changed much, which contributed little to the change of land structure, while unused farmland and dry farmland were partly converted to paddy farmland, contributing obviously to the change of land structure. The presence of paddy farmland resulted in the increase of total evapotranspiration, decrease of the water deficit in root zone, decrease of water deficit in the unsaturated zone, decrease of surface water, and increase of underground water from May to October. Evapotranspiration was increased by 8.9%, water deficit in the root area was decreased by 10.5%, and surface water was decreased by 43%. Paddy farmland showed different effects on hydrological variables when rice was in different growth stages. It had great influence on evapotranspiration, water deficit in root zone and water deficit in unsaturated zone when rice was in tillering stage. The influence of paddy farmland irrigation on different water cycle processes was diminished in the sequence of SBAR, RZ, E, water quantity in inlet of root zone, water quantity in outlet of root zone, and RG, among which the differences of water quantity between irrigation and non-irrigation were almost the same for the inlet and outlet of root zone.

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宮興龍,付強(qiáng),王斌,關(guān)英紅,邢貞相,李衡.土地利用方式變化對(duì)水循環(huán)過(guò)程響應(yīng)機(jī)制研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(2):252-259. GONG Xinglong, FU Qiang, WANG Bin, GUAN Yinghong, XING Zhenxiang, LI Heng. Mechanism of Response of Land Use Change to Water Cycle Process[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):252-259.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-02-10
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