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離心勻肥罩式水稻地表變量撒肥機設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200602-4)和江蘇省普通高校研究生科研創(chuàng)新計劃項目(KYLX16_1017)


Design and Experiment of Variable-rate Fertilizer Spreader with Centrifugal Distribution Cover for Rice Paddy Surface Fertilization
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    摘要:

    為實現(xiàn)水稻生長周期內(nèi)區(qū)域性實時變量施肥,提高機械化施肥作業(yè)效率和肥料利用率,結(jié)合水稻施肥農(nóng)藝特點和近地光譜技術(shù),設(shè)計了一種基于傳感器的雙圓盤離心勻肥罩式水稻地表變量施肥機。對光譜檢測裝置、決策控制系統(tǒng)、變量執(zhí)行機構(gòu)等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計,搭建基于STM32F103核心控制器的反饋系統(tǒng),結(jié)合專家施肥策略響應(yīng)目標(biāo)施肥量。以閘口排肥流量A、撒肥圓盤轉(zhuǎn)速B、整機行進(jìn)速度C為影響因素,顆粒分布變異系數(shù)Cv和施肥量相對誤差γ為評價指標(biāo),設(shè)計三因素三水平撒肥性能正交試驗。性能試驗結(jié)果表明:在目標(biāo)作業(yè)幅寬內(nèi)(24m),影響Cv主次因素為A、B、C,影響γ主次因素為B、A、C,綜合選擇較優(yōu)的工作參數(shù)因素水平組合為:A2B2C2,即排肥流量300g/s,圓盤轉(zhuǎn)速600r/min,整機行進(jìn)速度1.2m/s時,Cv=13.82%,γ=9.54%,整機撒肥性能最優(yōu)。田間試驗結(jié)果表明:與性能試驗相比,Cv誤差均值為9.19%,γ誤差均值為9.25%。研究結(jié)果表明離心式變量施肥機滿足撒肥均勻性和施肥量準(zhǔn)確性要求,提高了離心式變量施肥機撒肥性能,為圓盤式撒肥機傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗式施肥提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。

    Abstract:

    As the requirement advances for improving the working efficiency of mechanized application and the utilization rate of fertilizer, a variable-rate fertilizer spreader with centrifugal distribution cover for rice paddy surface fertilization based on the spectral sensor (Green SeekerTM) was developed to implement regional real-time variable-rate fertilization during rice growth period combining with the agronomic characteristics of rice fertilizer and near-earth spectroscopy. Spectrum detection device, decision-making and control system, variable-rate actuator and some other key techniques were designed, feedback system based on core controller STM32F103 was set up, and target application rate was responded united with expert fertilization strategy. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal performance test was carried out with setting feed gate flow rate A, disc rotational speed B and machine ground speed C as the influence factors, particle distribution coefficient of variation Cv and relative error of application rate γ as the evaluation index. By the orthogonal test, it can be known that the importance order of the factors which affected the Cv was A, B and C, and that affected the γ was B, A and C in the target spreading swath width, the comprehensive choice optimum combination of working parameters was A2B2C2, with q=300g/s, n=600r/min, v1=1.2m/s, and Cv=13.82%, and γ=9.54%, the fertilizer spreader reached the best working performance. Field tests under optimum combination showed that the average error of Cv and γ was 9.19% and 9.25%, respectively, compared with performance test. The performance of the developed variable-rate fertilizer spreader with centrifugal distribution cover was perfect and satisfied the requirement of uniformity of fertilizer and accuracy of application, which improved the performance of the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer applicator, and it can provide certain theoretical basis for the traditional empirical fertilization.

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施印炎,陳滿,汪小旵,MORICE O O,李成光,丁為民.離心勻肥罩式水稻地表變量撒肥機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2018,49(3):86-93,113. SHI Yinyan, CHEN Man, WANG Xiaochan, MORICE O O, LI Chengguang, DING Weimin. Design and Experiment of Variable-rate Fertilizer Spreader with Centrifugal Distribution Cover for Rice Paddy Surface Fertilization[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(3):86-93,113.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-07-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-03-10
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