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調(diào)虧灌溉下滴灌玉米植株與土壤水分及節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400101)和“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAD12B01)


Effects of Soil Water, Plant, Water Saving and Yield Increasing of Maize under Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation
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    摘要:

    以玉米為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行測(cè)坑微區(qū)試驗(yàn),研究了地面滴灌條件下調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)玉米植株與土壤水分分布、根長(zhǎng)、根長(zhǎng)密度、根數(shù)、產(chǎn)量以及作物水分利用效率的影響。試驗(yàn)于2016年分別設(shè)苗期輕度、苗期中度、拔節(jié)期輕度、拔節(jié)期中度、苗期中度拔節(jié)期輕度5個(gè)水分虧缺處理,另設(shè)全生育期適宜灌水作為對(duì)照。結(jié)果表明,各調(diào)虧處理的玉米冠部最終濕基含水率比對(duì)照處理增加-6.03%~4.61%、根部最終濕基含水率比對(duì)照處理增加1.30%~8.15%;苗期輕度調(diào)虧處理,產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照處理降低了7.89%、較對(duì)照處理節(jié)水8.26%、水分利用效率較對(duì)照處理提高0.33%;苗期中度調(diào)虧處理,產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照處理增加了5.20%、較對(duì)照處理節(jié)水16.71%、水分利用效率較對(duì)照處理提高26.25%;拔節(jié)期輕度調(diào)虧處理,產(chǎn)量較對(duì)照處理增加了1.49%、較對(duì)照處理節(jié)水14.07%、水分利用效率較對(duì)照處理提高18.27%;拔節(jié)期中度調(diào)虧處理,產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照處理降低了23.47%、較對(duì)照處理節(jié)水28.35%、水分利用效率較對(duì)照處理提高6.64%;苗期中度拔節(jié)期輕度調(diào)虧處理,產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照處理降低了28.13%、較對(duì)照處理節(jié)水38.54%、水分利用效率較對(duì)照處理提高16.94%。苗期中度處理與拔節(jié)期輕度處理是促進(jìn)滴灌玉米節(jié)水增產(chǎn)的適宜水分虧缺處理,其結(jié)果對(duì)指導(dǎo)黑龍江西部玉米制定合理的灌溉制度具有實(shí)質(zhì)性意義。

    Abstract:

    Regulated deficit irrigation is through active exerting a certain degree of water stress artificially, exercising the crop drought resistance, affecting their physiological and biochemical process, in order to achieve the goal of saving water and increasing production. Taking maize as research object, the experiment was carried out in micro test pit area, and the influences on soil water distribution, root length, root length, root number, yield and crop water utilization efficiency were studied under drip irrigation on ground. Five different treatments (C1,C2,C3,C4 and C5) were set, which were slight and moderate regulated deficit in seeding and jointing stage, separately, and moderate regulated deficit in seeding stage while slight regulated deficit in jointing stage in 2016, and the whole growth period with suitable irrigation (CK) was set as control treatment. The result showed that the final water content of filtration cake in the crown of the maize was increased by -6.03% ~ 4.61% and 1.30%~8.15% in the root. At the same time, the yield of C1, C4 and C5 was decreased by 7.89%, 23.47% and 28.13%, respectively, while that of C2 and C3 was increased by 5.20% and 1.49%, respectively, water use efficiency was improved by 0.33%, 26.25%, 18.27%, 6.64% and 16.94%, respectively, and five treatments saved 8.26%,16.71%,14.07%,28.35% and 38.54% of water, respectively. The moderate treatment in seeding stage and the mild treatment in jointing stage were the appropriate water deficit treatments for maize under drip irrigation in water saving and production increasing. The result was of practical significance to guide the establishment of reasonable irrigation system for maize in western area of Heilongjiang Province.

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魏永霞,馬瑛瑛,劉慧,張雨鳳,楊軍明,張奕.調(diào)虧灌溉下滴灌玉米植株與土壤水分及節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(3):252-260. WEI Yongxia, MA Yingying, LIU Hui, ZHANG Yufeng, YANG Junming, ZHANG Yi. Effects of Soil Water, Plant, Water Saving and Yield Increasing of Maize under Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(3):252-260.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-03-10
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