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中國農(nóng)作物水足跡時空分布與影響因素分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51609065)、中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2015B11014)、中國博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2017M611681)、江蘇省博士后科研資助計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(1701087B)和江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目


Analysis of Temporal-spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Water Footprint in Crop Production System of China
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    摘要:

    為全面評價中國農(nóng)作物對水資源真實(shí)消耗,計(jì)算并分析了31個省區(qū)1996—2015年農(nóng)作物水足跡,并借助通徑分析方法分別對影響農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)水足跡(單位耕地面積水足跡)時間變化和空間分布的影響因素進(jìn)行了揭示。結(jié)果顯示:全國年均農(nóng)作物水足跡為1421.07Gm3,藍(lán)水、綠水和灰水足跡分別占10.05%、66.79%及23.16%;糧食和水果類作物水足跡占總量的85%以上,二者很大程度上決定著中國農(nóng)作物水足跡的變化。中國農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)水足跡為1156.90mm,時間上呈先下降后緩慢上升態(tài)勢,空間上為從東南向西北逐漸遞減的格局。人口密度、人均純收入和化肥施用量是農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)水足跡時間變化的主要驅(qū)動因子,而降雨量、人均GDP及人均純收入對其空間分布有重要影響。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是降低農(nóng)作物水足跡的原動力,可以促進(jìn)化肥施用量降低、灌溉用水效率提高以及增強(qiáng)綠水資源調(diào)控能力。

    Abstract:

    In order to evaluate the actual water resources consumption in agricultural production industry comprehensively, the crop water footprint (total water footprint of all kinds of crops, CWP) in 31 provinces of China during 1996—2015 was calculated. The influencing factors for time-dependent and spatial distribution of crop production water footprint (CPWF, CWP per unit cultivated land) were revealed by using the path analysis method. The results showed that the national average annual CWP was estimated to be approximately 1421.07Gm3, and blue, green and gray water footprint accounted for 10.05%, 66.79% and 23.16%, respectively. The water footprint of grain and fruit crops accounted for more than 85% of the total, which decided the change trend of CWP in China. With a trend of decline after the slow rise, national CPWF in the studied period was 1156.90mm. The spatial difference of CPWF was large, and it was decreased from southeast to northwest of China. Population density, per capita net income and fertilizer application were the main driving factors of time variation of CPWF, and rainfall, per capita GDP and per capita net income had important influence on the spatial distribution of CPWF. Economic development was the driving force to reduce the crop water footprint, which can promote the reduction of fertilizer application, the efficiency of irrigation water use and the ability to control green water resources. The following specific measures, including reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and water resource consumption caused by water environment pollution, improving irrigation water use efficiency to save agricultural water resources, controlling high consumption in areas with serious exploitation of groundwater, expounding the proportion of effective irrigation area and improving the mechanization of the productive forces can be adopted to reduce the CWF.

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郭相平,高爽,吳夢洋,余濤,操信春.中國農(nóng)作物水足跡時空分布與影響因素分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2018,49(5):295-302. GUO Xiangping, GAO Shuang, WU Mengyang, YU Tao, CAO Xinchun. Analysis of Temporal-spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Water Footprint in Crop Production System of China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):295-302.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-11-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-05-10
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