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拋揚(yáng)式膜際覆土馬鈴薯播種聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51765004)、甘肅省高等學(xué)校科研項(xiàng)目(2017D-13、2016B-039)、甘肅省青年科技基金計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(1506RJYA022)和甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)盛彤笙科技創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目(GSAU-STS-1623、GSAU-STS-1624)


Design and Test of Potato Combine Seeder with Throwing and Covering Soil on Film Edge
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    摘要:

    針對傳統(tǒng)馬鈴薯聯(lián)合播種機(jī)播深合格率較低、膜際覆土質(zhì)量差等問題,結(jié)合西北旱作區(qū)馬鈴薯機(jī)械化覆膜播種特點(diǎn)及甘肅省河西走廊馬鈴薯機(jī)械種植要求,設(shè)計(jì)了一種具有仿形播種能力的集旋耕、施肥、起壟、播種、覆膜和膜際覆土的馬鈴薯播種聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)。為降低地輪行走過程中對播種深度的影響,利用連桿原理分析確定了開溝器安裝于仿形架的位置;為借助EDEM軟件優(yōu)化鏈勺結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),進(jìn)行了二因素三水平的仿真試驗(yàn),當(dāng)鏈勺最大直徑為77mm,深度為25.5mm時(shí),取種性能較優(yōu);為提高拋揚(yáng)式膜際覆土裝置的覆土質(zhì)量,通過土壤相對運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)算確定了覆土量;為提高拋揚(yáng)葉輪的碎土性能,通過計(jì)算得葉輪半徑為230mm,起土鏟后端高度為70mm,葉輪回轉(zhuǎn)角速度為4rad/s。馬鈴薯聯(lián)合播種機(jī)田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為0.69m/s時(shí),拋揚(yáng)覆土式馬鈴薯聯(lián)合播種機(jī)的合格指數(shù)為88.6%,漏種指數(shù)為5.3%,重播指數(shù)為6.1%,種植深度合格率為90.4%,種薯間距合格指數(shù)為89.4%,試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)符合農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。膜際覆土傾角為65.3°,滿足甘肅省河西走廊馬鈴薯種植覆膜要求。

    Abstract:

    In the light of lower qualification rate of sowing depth and poorer quality of film edge covered with soil that the traditional potato combine seeders had, and according to characteristics of mechanized covering soil in the northwest dry farming areas and requirements of potato planting with mulching in Hexi Corridor, potato combined seeder machine with imitated terrain which had the integration of rotary tillage, sowing profiling ability of fertilizing, ridging, seeding, mulching and film edge covered soil was designed. To reduce impact on seeding depth in the process of wheel walking, using linkage principle the position of opener installed in the rack was calculated. In virtue of EDEM software parameters of chain structure were optimized with the simulation experiment of two factors and three levels, and the maximum diameter of chain was 77mm, and depth of one was 25.5mm. The amount of soil covered was calculated by relative motion to improve the quality of covering amount of soil. The height of the back end of the shovel was 70mm, and the velocity of the rotation angle of the blade was 4rad/s, the radius of the impeller was 230mm, increasing the breaking soil performance of the impeller. Test results showed that when the operation speed of overall unit was 0.69m/s, qualified index of throwing and covering soil on film edge was 88.6%, missed index was 5.3%, replay index was 6.1%, the planting depth qualified rate was 90.4%, seed spacing qualified index was 89.4%, which met the agricultural industry standard requirement. Angle between inter film soil and ground was 65.3°, which met the requirement of potato planting and mulching in the western corridor of Gansu.

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石林榕,楊小平,趙武云,孫偉,李榮斌,孫步功.拋揚(yáng)式膜際覆土馬鈴薯播種聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(6):129-137. SHI Linrong, YANG Xiaoping, ZHAO Wuyun, SUN Wei, LI Rongbin, SUN Bugong. Design and Test of Potato Combine Seeder with Throwing and Covering Soil on Film Edge[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):129-137.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-09-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-06-10
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