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巢湖流域典型農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染評價(jià)與地理探測分析
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國土資源部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201411006-05)


Assessment and Geographical Detection of Heavy Metal Pollution in Typical Farmland Soil in Chaohu Lake Basin
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    摘要:

    為了分析巢湖流域農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染特點(diǎn),選擇位于巢湖西部的A村進(jìn)行了實(shí)地土壤樣品采集,利用X-Ray熒光光譜儀對Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Ni 8種重金屬元素進(jìn)行測定,利用污染指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)法,對土壤重金屬污染程度、空間分布和潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評價(jià)。為了進(jìn)一步分析土壤重金屬污染的來源,采用主成分分析和聚類分析對重金屬來源進(jìn)行分類;利用地理探測器,選擇高程、距鐵路距離、距村莊距離、距公路距離、距水庫距離和農(nóng)用地分類作為變量因子,分析其與重金屬污染分布的空間相關(guān)關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明,A村主要受到Hg(Pi>17.2)、Cd(Pi>10.3)污染;Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni主要來自成土母質(zhì)源,Hg、Cr、Cd、As主要來自人為污染源;農(nóng)用地類型(PD,H=0.405)和鐵路分布(PD,H=0.362)對污染分布的解釋力最強(qiáng),Hg、Cd污染可能來自耕地、畜禽飼養(yǎng)和鐵路運(yùn)輸污染,污水灌溉也會(huì)一定程度影響重金屬污染空間分布。

    Abstract:

    In order to analyze the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil of Chaohu Lake Basin, a village located in the west of Chaohu Lake was selected to collect soil samples in the field. The contents of heavy metals of Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Cu and Ni were determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer. The pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the degree, spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in soil. In order to further analyze the sources of soil heavy metal pollution, the sources of heavy metals were classified by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Village DEM, railway buffer zone, village buffer zone, highway buffer zone, reservoir buffer zone and agricultural land classification were selected as variable factors to analyze their spatial correlation with the distribution of heavy metal pollution by using geographical detector. The results showed that a village was mainly polluted by Hg (Pi>17.2) and Cd (Pi>10.3). The main source of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni was from the parent material of soilforming material. The source of Hg, Cr, Cd and As was mainly from the anthropogenic source of pollution. The type of agricultural land (PD,H=0.405) and railway distribution (PD,H=0.362) had the strongest explanatory power to the distribution of pollution. The pollution of Hg and Cd may come from cultivated land, livestock and poultry breeding land and railway. Sewage irrigation would also affect the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution to some extent.

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肖武,隋濤,王鑫,朱琦,劉瑞,陳翔宇.巢湖流域典型農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染評價(jià)與地理探測分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(7):144-152. XIAO Wu, SUI Tao, WANG Xin, ZHU Qi, LIU Rui, CHEN Xiangyu. Assessment and Geographical Detection of Heavy Metal Pollution in Typical Farmland Soil in Chaohu Lake Basin[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):144-152.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-07-10
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