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玉米播種與測(cè)控技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200600-2016YFD0200607)


Research Progress on Maize Seeding and Its Measurement and Control Technology
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    摘要:

    目前,我國(guó)玉米播種作業(yè)處于機(jī)械化水平較高、智能化水平較低的狀態(tài),主要表現(xiàn)為“播種機(jī)是播種的主體,而人是播種質(zhì)量監(jiān)控的主體”。要改變這一模式,必須在播種作業(yè)中充分采用智能化技術(shù),最大程度代替人的作用。玉米播種包括排種、投種、著床3個(gè)過(guò)程,本文圍繞這一過(guò)程,闡述了玉米播種與測(cè)控技術(shù)的工作原理、技術(shù)特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)。在分析歸納各項(xiàng)播種技術(shù)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外玉米精密播種技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、差距,并結(jié)合精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)背景下對(duì)玉米播種技術(shù)提出的要求,展望了我國(guó)玉米播種技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

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    Maize can be used as food, animal feed and industrial raw material. The increase in maize yield is of great value to support growing population in the world. At present, it is widely planted around the world, and maize planters are generally adopted in the seeding process. Because cultivatable field is limited, increasing the yield per area is the only way to increase the whole yield. Precision seeding is an effective method to increase the yield. However, the precision that mechanization contributes to the seeding has been maximized. In order to further improve the seeding precision, intelligent technology has gradually been used on maize planters. For domestic planters, it is relatively high on the mechanization level, but it is low on the intelligent level. Maize planters play important role in the seeding process, however, people still have to play a part in monitoring the state of planters. It is not only laborintensive, but also lacking of precision. Therefore, intelligent technologies must be fully used to replace the human labor. The seeding process can be classified into metering process, transporting process and landing process. From this perspective, the working principle, technical feature and developing situation of seeding technology and its measurement and control technology applied to maize planters were described. On the basics of analyzing and generalizing all advantages and disadvantages of seeding technology, the developing trends of seeding technologies were prospected, and the new demands about maize seeding technologies in the background of precision agriculture were predicted.

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苑嚴(yán)偉,白慧娟,方憲法,王德成,周利明,牛 康.玉米播種與測(cè)控技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(9):1-18. YUAN Yanwei, BAI Huijuan, FANG Xianfa, WANG Decheng, ZHOU Liming, NIU Kang. Research Progress on Maize Seeding and Its Measurement and Control Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):1-18.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-09-10
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