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甘蔗收獲機切段裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701200)


Design and Experiment of Chopper Device in Sugarcane Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對甘蔗收獲機切段裝置存在的切段機理理論缺乏、切段損失大、對切段裝置要求多樣化等現(xiàn)狀,對比分析了切段裝置前置式、中置式、后置式3種形式的收獲流程,并基于對前置切段式結構的理論分析,推導前置切段式切段長度的經驗公式,設計了切段裝置試驗臺和切段裝置前置式收獲機割臺。進行了切段過程高速攝影試驗,獲知蔗段在切段過程中的運動規(guī)律、蔗葉與蔗莖的分離形式、斷口糖分損失的主要形式及原因,通過田間正交試驗確定了影響蔗段合格率因素主次順序為:交錯深度、行駛速度、切段輥轉速,當交錯深度為4mm,行駛速度為2km/h,切段輥轉速為300r/min時,割臺蔗莖合格率達到93%。通過統(tǒng)計學分析計算,得出了長度系數(shù)為0.7,其長度分布近似符合正態(tài)分布規(guī)律。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the status that the mechanism study of the chopper device in sugarcane harvester is insufficient,chopping loss is high, and the requirements to the chopper device present the character of diversification, three different harvest processes varied in the mounting position of the chopper device were compared and analyzed, including frontmounted, centralmounted and rearmounted. Based on the analysis result of the merit and demerit between different harvest processes, the viewpoint that the harvest process which adopted frontmounted structure of chopper device was more suitable for the bending and lodging sugarcane in China was proposed. Further theoretical analysis of the frontmounted structure was conducted and empirical formula of billet length produced under this structure was deduced. Based on this, a chopper testing unit was designed, as well as a new type header of sugarcane harvester charactered by frontmounter chopper. A highspeed photography test was conducted on the testing unit and law of motion of billets and canestalk was observed, as well as the separation process between stalk and leaf, furthermore, sugar loss during chopping process was analyzed through the procedure of fracture formation. Taking the billet acceptability as index, and through orthogonal field test conducted on the header, the factors impacted on billet quality were optimized, and the billet acceptability reached up to 93% under the condition that intersect depth was 4mm, ground speed was 2km/h,and rotational speed of rollers was 300r/min. By means of billet length test and statistical analysis, a conclusion was drawn that billet length was approximately in normal distribution, and the length coefficient in aforesaid formula was deduced as 0.7.

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劉芳建,楊學軍,方憲法,劉赟東,吳儉敏,趙金輝.甘蔗收獲機切段裝置設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(9):90-95. LIU Fangjian, YANG Xuejun, FANG Xianfa, LIU Yundong, WU Jianmin, ZHAO Jinhui. Design and Experiment of Chopper Device in Sugarcane Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):90-95.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-03-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-09-10