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殘膜回收型全膜覆土壟播馬鈴薯挖掘機設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701601-03)、國家自然科學基金項目(51665002)、農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201503105)、甘肅省青年科技基金項目(1506RJYA022)和甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學伏羲人才項目(GAUFX-02J01)


Design and Experiment of Potato Digger with Waste Film Recollection for Complete Film Mulching, Soil Covering and Ridge Sowing Pattern
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    摘要:

    針對西北黃土高原旱區(qū)地膜全域覆蓋、種行覆土壟播馬鈴薯機械化收獲易堵塞、分離效果差、可靠性低、殘膜污染等問題,設(shè)計了殘膜回收型全膜覆土壟播馬鈴薯挖掘機,一次性完成排堵挖掘、薯土分離、薯膜分離、集薯鋪條、膜秧分離和殘膜回收等工序。通過理論分析和數(shù)值仿真,對仿生挖掘裝置、曲柄搖桿防堵機構(gòu)、薯土分離裝置、薯膜分離裝置、膜秧分離及殘膜回收裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進行解析和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,確定了性能參數(shù)。田間試驗表明:明薯率為97.4%,傷薯率為1.3%,破皮率為1.8%,殘膜回收率為87.5%,生產(chǎn)率為0.17hm2/h,各項指標均滿足國家及行業(yè)標準要求。

    Abstract:

    In recent years, furrowridge potato cultivation with global plastic film mulching technology is widely used in the semiarid areas of the Loess Plateau, this kind of cultivation mode is favorable for mechanical planting, but the difficulty of machine harvest is increased. In order to solve the problems of blockage in the process of digging, poor separation effect, low reliability and white pollution for the complete film mulching, planting line covering and ridge sowing pattern in the dry land of northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau, a potato digger with waste film recollection was designed, which can complete the antiblocking digging, potato separating from soil and film, potato collection and striping, disconnecting the film away from the residue seedlings and the waste film recollection in one process. By theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the crucial parts, such as bionic digging device, antiblocking crank rocker mechanism, potato and soil separation device, potato and film partition device, residue seedlings and film disconnection device, the waste film recollection components as well as others were analyzed and optimized, and then the performance parameters were determined. Field experiments showed that the potato exposure rate was 97.4%, the potato injury rate was 1.3%, the potato skin damage was 1.8%, the waste film recollection rate was 87.5%, and the productivity can get to 0.17hm2/h, all the index of the potato digger with waste film recollection satisfied the requirements of national and industry standards, the problems such as the mulched potato harvesting and the waste film recollection were solved at the same time.

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孫 偉,王虎存,趙武云,張 華,劉小龍,吳建民.殘膜回收型全膜覆土壟播馬鈴薯挖掘機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(9):105-114. SUN Wei, WANG Hucun, ZHAO Wuyun, ZHANG Hua, LIU Xiaolong, WU Jianmin. Design and Experiment of Potato Digger with Waste Film Recollection for Complete Film Mulching, Soil Covering and Ridge Sowing Pattern[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):105-114.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-09-10