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覆膜和灌水處理下土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)與玉米生長(zhǎng)模擬研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51679234、91425302)


Simulation of Soil Moisture Dynamics and Seed-maize Growth under Different Mulching and Irrigation Conditions
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    摘要:

    采用作物模型模擬作物生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程和產(chǎn)量,是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)的影響、實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水增產(chǎn)的重要途徑。覆膜和節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)在我國(guó)西北旱區(qū)農(nóng)田應(yīng)用廣泛,本研究基于覆膜增溫對(duì)氣積溫的補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)以及覆膜和冠層截留對(duì)降雨入滲的影響對(duì)AquaCrop模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),使其適用于我國(guó)西北旱區(qū)覆膜制種玉米的模擬。利用2017年石羊河流域制種玉米的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)改進(jìn)模型進(jìn)行了率定與驗(yàn)證,并模擬預(yù)測(cè)了未來(lái)氣溫升高和覆膜比變化情景下作物產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率(WUE)的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:改進(jìn)的AquaCrop模型能很好地模擬制種玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育階段和冠層覆蓋率,各處理冠層覆蓋率的模擬值與實(shí)測(cè)值之間的R2均不小于0.95,RMSE為3.9%~10.1%,NRMSE為4.9%~15.3%。而在1m土層貯水量的模擬上,各處理R2在0.60~0.92之間,RMSE在9.5~17.1mm之間,NRMSE處于4.4%~8.9%之間。改進(jìn)的AquaCrop模型在模擬不覆膜高水M0W1和M0W3處理的制種玉米干物質(zhì)累積量、產(chǎn)量上模擬效果較差,其他處理的干物質(zhì)累積量的R2不小于0.98,RMSE為0.64~1.66t/hm2, NRMSE為9.9%~16.7%,產(chǎn)量的相對(duì)誤差(RE)為-13.3%~4.5%,WUE則表現(xiàn)為除M0W1處理外,其他處理模擬效果較優(yōu),RE為-23.9%~18.1%。未來(lái)氣溫升高對(duì)作物產(chǎn)量及提高水分利用效率產(chǎn)生不利的影響。覆膜條件下,增溫1.6℃和3.3℃分別比在實(shí)際溫度下減產(chǎn)12.8%和20.7%,WUE降低3.0%和2.1%。不覆膜條件下減產(chǎn)率分別為13.9%和25.1%,WUE分別降低3.8%和7.6%。覆膜比例為50%時(shí),可在保證產(chǎn)量的同時(shí),提高水分利用效率,達(dá)到增產(chǎn)節(jié)水的效果。

    Abstract:

    Crop model is an important tool to simulate crop growth and yield, which can provide a way to cope with the impacts of climate change and human activities, and achieve the target of saving water and increasing yield. Film mulching and watersaving irrigation are widely used in the arid regions of Northwest China. Therefore, the purpose was to modify the crop model AquaCrop based on compensating effect of soil temperature increase on effective air accumulation temperature and impacts of film mulching and canopy interception on rainfall infiltration, so as to make it more suitable for the simulation study of mulched seedmaize in arid areas. The modified model was calibrated and validated based on the experimental data of seedmaize in Shiyang River Basin in 2017. Then it was used to predict the variation of crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under the scenarios of future temperature increase and mulching ratio change. Results show that the modified AquaCrop can well predict the growth stages and canopy cover. The values of determination coefficient (R2) of the simulated and measured canopy covers were not less than 095, the values of root mean square error (RMSE) were between 3.9% and 10.1%, and the values of normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) were between 4.9% and 15.3%, indicating that the modified AquaCrop had a good simulation for canopy cover. The modified AquaCrop was validated for simulating soil water storage in 0~1m soil depth under different treatments with 0.60

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趙 引,毛曉敏,薄麗媛.覆膜和灌水處理下土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)與玉米生長(zhǎng)模擬研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(9):195-204. ZHAO Yin, MAO Xiaomin, BO Liyuan. Simulation of Soil Moisture Dynamics and Seed-maize Growth under Different Mulching and Irrigation Conditions[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):195-204.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-09-10