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單人工上苗式半自動蔬菜嫁接機關(guān)鍵機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51375460、51505429)和杭州市農(nóng)業(yè)科研攻關(guān)項目(161322Z001)


Design and Experiment of Key Mechanism for Semi-automatic Vegetable Grafting Machine
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    摘要:

    半自動嫁接機價格低、適用蔬菜種類廣,但其生產(chǎn)能力相對低。為簡化操作、提高嫁接效率,設(shè)計一種單人工補給砧木和接穗苗的貼接式半自動蔬菜嫁接機。嫁接機關(guān)鍵部件包括砧穗木夾持旋轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、旋轉(zhuǎn)持苗防回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、切削機構(gòu)等;其中,旋轉(zhuǎn)持苗防回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)采用了雙棘輪反向止動,實現(xiàn)單電機驅(qū)動雙軸間歇反向旋轉(zhuǎn),保證上苗和夾持工序有序配合;確定了砧穗木上苗位、夾持、切削、嫁接工位的較優(yōu)布局,可實現(xiàn)單人工同時上砧、穗木苗。對南瓜和絲瓜穴盤苗進行嫁接試驗表明:嫁接成功率達到89%,與人工相近;嫁接效率達到846.3株/h,是人工嫁接效率的3.3倍,證明該單人工上苗操作的貼接式嫁接機滿足工廠化嫁接作業(yè)要求。

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    Semi-automatic grafting machine is widely used in variety of vegetables with a low equipment price. However, its production capacity is relatively low. In order to simplify the operation and improve the efficiency of grafting, a semi-automatic grafting machine for single person to graft rootstock and scion seedlings was designed. The design of the key components of the grafting machine included stock and scion seedlings clamping and rotation mechanism, a seedling holding anti-rotation mechanism and a cutting mechanism. The seedling holding anti-rotation device adopted a double ratchet reverse stop to realize a single motor driven two axles with reverse rotation, which was used to ensure the orderly mating process for the grafting seedlings. The optimized layout design for seedling putting position, clamping, cutting, and grafting position would be convenient for single-person to put rootstock and scion seedlings at the same time. The pumpkin seedlings and loofah seedlings were used for grafting test. The different groups test of single artificial seedling was carried out to analyze the graft success rate and grafting efficiency of the model. The grafting experiments on pumpkin and loofah seedlings showed that the success rate of grafting reached 89%, which was similar to that of artificial grafting. The grafting speed reached 846.3 strains/h, which was nearly 3.3 times of artificial grafting rate. It proved that the semi-automatic grafting machine design met the requirements of factory grafting operations.

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童俊華,丁煜華,武傳宇,喻擎蒼,泮金輝,孫良.單人工上苗式半自動蔬菜嫁接機關(guān)鍵機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(10):65-72. TONG Junhua, DING Yuhua, WU Chuanyu, YU Qingcang, PAN Jinhui, SUN Liang. Design and Experiment of Key Mechanism for Semi-automatic Vegetable Grafting Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(10):65-72.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-02-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-10-10
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